1. Prokaryotic- NO vs Eukaryotic-DO eg. Bacteria. eg
Prokaryotic- NO vs Eukaryotic-DO eg. Bacteria eg. all other kingdoms -eubacteria -archaebacteria
-Protists -Fungus
-Plant -Animal
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2. PROTIST
Euglena
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3. FUNGI
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4. PLANTS

5. ANIMALS
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6. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

7. Levels of Organization
Individual Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems-> Organism
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8. Why Cells? cells are the basic units of life
Robert Hooke (mid 1600s) observed cork under a microscope
came up with the term “cells”
was reminded of monastery rooms
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9. History of Cells Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (late 1600s)
would grind up lenses and construct early microscopes
first recorded observations of bacteria from the plaque of his teeth (animalcules)
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10. Cell Theory -1838 -1839 Schleiden (plants) & Schwann (animals)
1) All living things are composed of cells.
Lead to:
2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
-1855
Virchow
3) New cells are produced from existing cells.

11. Spontaneous Generation
SG: belief that non-living objects can give rise to living organisms
1668: Redi’s meat/maggot experiment
Proved SG was wrong
Louis Pasteur
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12. Cell Size Small! 1 to 100 micrometers 1 um = .001 mm
Surface area/volume ratio limits size
Exchanges nutrients and waste through diffusion

13. 2 Types of Cells PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES “before the nucleus”
nucleoid is not separated from cytoplasm by a membrane
Eubacteria and archaea
Smaller (< 5 um)
“true nucleus”
animals, plants, fungi, protists
Larger ( um)
membrane bound Organelles

14. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Bacteria/ Archaea
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals

15. Cell Membrane isolates the cell contents from the environment
regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell
allows communication with other cells
Seen in all cell types
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16. Nucleus control center for cells contains DNA and chromosomes
membrane bound
only in eukaryotes
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17. Mitochondria Produce energy by aerobic respiration
Powerhouse of the cell
Generates ATP
Eukaryotic structure
unique DNA
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18. Cell Wall Protects and supports the cell
Absent in animal cells and some protists
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19. Chloroplast Essential for photosynthesis
Plants use sunlight energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose & oxygen
contains Chlorophyll (pigment that absorbs sunlight)
All PLANTS and some protists
unique DNA
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20. Vacuoles PLANTS – central vacuole that contains water and waste
also helps the cell support heavy structures
ANIMALS – smaller vacuoles and vesicles for food storage, water,and waste
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21. Plants vs. Animals

22. Plants vs. Animals Plants - cell walls - large central vacuole
- chloroplasts
Animals
- centrioles
- smaller vacuoles
- lysosomes
- cilia
- flagella

23. Cell Structures – Group Activity
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
Chromatin & Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)
Cilia
flagella
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Cell Wall
Centrioles