1. Introduction to Matter: Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
Revised by:
Mrs. Estevez
6 th Grade Science

2. Reading the Periodic Table

3. Who arranged the elements?
Dmitri Mendeleev- Russian Chemist- 1869
Arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.
Periodic- describes something that occurs or repeats at regular intervals.
Periodic Law- the law that states that repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements.

4. Columns
The vertical (up and down) columns of the periodic table (there are 18) are called groups or families.
Elements in the same group or family have similar chemical and physical properties.

5. Rows The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods.
Elements in a period are not alike in properties.
The first element in a period is usually an active solid, and the last element in a period is always an inactive gas.

6. Rows
Atomic number (number of protons) increases from left to right across a period.
Atomic mass (number of protons and neutrons) increases from left to right across a period.
Metals are on the left
Non-metals are on the right

9. What are the families?

10. What are metals, non-metals, and metalloids?
Tend to be shiny, most are ductile and/or malleable, good conductors of heat and electrical current.
Non-Metals:
Not malleable or ductile, not shiny, poor conductors of heat and electrical current.
Metalloids: (also called semiconductors)
Properties of both metals and non-metals.

11. NON-METALS not able to conduct electricity or heat very well
very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets
exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon).
have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.

12. METALLOIDS have properties of both metals and non-metals
some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators

13. ALKALI METALS
Group 1
very reactive metals because they only have 1 electron in their outer shell
do not occur freely in nature (combine with other elements)
malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity.
softer than most other metals
can explode if they are exposed to water

14. not found free in nature
ALKLINE EARTH METALS
Group 2
metals
very reactive
not found free in nature

15. TRANSITION METALS Groups 3-18
ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat
iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.

16. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS Top Row: Lanthanides: shiny, reactive metals.
Bottom Row: Actinides: radioactive (unstable), most are made in laboratories.

17. Solids at room temperature Boron- metalloid
Boron Group
Group 13
Reactive
Solids at room temperature
Boron- metalloid

18. solids at room temperature
Carbon Group
Group 14
- Contains 1 non-metal, 2 metalloids, and 3 metals.
Reactivity varies
solids at room temperature

19. Nitrogen Group
Group 15
Contains 2 metals, 2 non-metals, and 2 metalloids
Reactivity varies
Solid at room temperature, except for Nitrogen
(it’s a gas)

20. Oxygen Group
Group 16
-3 non-metals, 1 metalloid, 1 metal
-reactive
-All except oxygen (gas) are solid at room
temperature

21. HALOGENS
Group 17
"halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts"
Reactive non-metals (only need 1 extra electron to complete outer shell)
exist in all three states of matter: -Solid- Iodine, Astatine
Liquid- Bromine
Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine

22. NOBLE GASES
Group 18
Unreactive non-metals (their outer shell is full)
Colorless, odorless gasses at room temperature

23. Hydrogen:
In a group of
its own…
Reactive
Colorless, odorless gas at room temperature
Low density
Explosive reactions with oxygen