1. The First Americans

2. First Migration - Beringia

3. Native Americans
Arrival in the Americas

4. Native Americans – Cultural Similarities
Importance of kinship
Importance of animals & nature
Polytheistic Religion
Purpose of warfare
Education & childrearing
Communal living
Plains Indians

5. "But in liberality they excel; nothing is too good for their friends
"But in liberality they excel; nothing is too good for their friends. Give them a fine gun, coat, or other thing; it may pass twenty hands before it sticks… Wealth circulateth like the blood, all parts partake…"
- William Penn, 1683

7. Northwest Region
Demonstrated an ability to adapt to various environments
Ancestors of the Inuit in Alaska
Abundant food
Totem Poles
Large houses
Alaskan Totem Pole

8. Southwest Region
Demonstrated knowledge of advance farming and architecture
Anasazi (Ancient Ones)
Dams, irrigation, and cliff dwellings
Engaged in warfare as a means of self-defense
Cliff Dwellings, Anasazi

9. Mound Builders East of Mississippi River to the Atlantic
Adena & Hopewell
Burial mounds contain artifacts that show social structure
Cahokia
Serpent Mound, Ohio

10. Iroquois Confederacy Mohawks (People of the Flint
Oneidas (People of the Stone)
Onondagas (People of the Mountain)
Cayugas (People at the Landing)
Seneca (Great Hill People)
“In our society, women are the center of all things. Nature, we believe, has given women the ability to create; therefore it is only natural that women be in positions of power to protect his function” - Iroquois Elder

11. Algonquin
Territory from New England to the Great Lakes and south to the Carolinas
Lived in wigwams
Hunters and fishermen
Traveled in canoes
Pequot Canoe

12. Muskogean Lived along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Matrilineal society
Included tribes like the Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw
More rigid class structure
Lived in towns around a central plaza

13. Native Americans - Stereotypes
Noble savage
Side-kick of the white man
Brute savage

14. “Marriage laws are non-existent: men and women alike choose their mates and leave them as they please, without offense, jealousy or anger…If they [women] tire of their men, they give themselves abortions with herbs that force stillbirths, covering their shameful parts with leaves or cotton cloth; although on the whole, Indian men and women look upon total nakedness with as much casualness as we look upon a man’s head or at his hands.”
-Bartolome de las Casas

15. Native Americans - Impression of Europeans
Terror
Evidence of friendship
Disbelief of European technology
Lack of understanding of the purpose of European possessions

16. Europeans – Culture & Society
Difficult living
Alcohol, tobacco, and religion
Enclosure
Mercantilism
Pieter Bruegel, Fight Between Carnival and Lent

17. Contact – Chinese Exploration
Chinese Fleet, 15th Century

18. Contact - European Exploration
Portugal
Spain & Christopher Columbus, 1492
AmerigoVespucci,

19. Contact - Columbus Arawaks Enslavement of Indians Columbian Exchange
Transfer of Disease

20. “Thus husbands and wives were together only once every eight or ten months and when they met they were so exhausted and depressed on both sides…the ceased to procreate. As for the newly born, they died early because their mothers, overworked and famished, had no milk to nurse them…Some mothers even drowned their babies from sheer desperation…In this way husbands died in the mine, wives died at work, and children died from lack of milk…and in a short time this land which was so great, so powerful and fertile…was depopulated…My eyes have seen these acts so foreign to human nature, and now I tremble as I write…”
- Bartolome de las Casas

21. The First Americans
Key Terms: Anasazi, Great Serpent Mound, Enclosure, Mercantilism,
Amerigo Vespucci, Columbian Exchange