1. Warm-Up
Write the lyrics to the national anthem as you remember them. Don’t cheat and look them up!

2. Oh, say can you see, By the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed, At the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, Through the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched, Were so gallantly streaming. And the rocket's red glare, The bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night, That our flag was still there. Oh say does that star spangled banner yet wave, For the land of the free, and the home of the brave.

3. The Changing Landscape of the 19th Century
11.2.2: Describe the changing landscape, including the growth of cities linked by industry and trade, and the development of cities divided according to race, ethnicity, and class.

4. Expansion of Railroads

5. 1. Linked towns that were formerly isolated and new towns sprang up along RR lines

6. 2. Cities began to specialize in a particular product, which could be distributed to a large market across the country by RR

7. Quick Write
How did the expansion of railroads effect the growth of cities and the economy?

8. Industrialization 1. Brought wealth to many Americans BUT…
Caused severe air and water pollution in cities

9. Quick Write
How has Industrialization effected our world today?

10. New Inventions to meet needs of cities
1. Limited space: skyscrapers

11. New Inventions to meet needs of cities
2. Transportation: electric streetcar, suburban RR

12. Quick Write
How did skyscrapers change the overall look of cities and meet the needs of the people?

13. The Growth of Cities
1. New Northern cities and existing cities grew larger

14. The Growth of Cities
2. Near canals, major rivers and RR (transportation)

15. Immigration

16. “Give me your tired, your poor Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!”
The Statue of Liberty

17. Travel – steerage class-cheapest and least comfortable
Travel – steerage class-cheapest and least comfortable. One family member at a time. Farmers, schoolmasters, artisans.

19. Between 1870-1920 1. Urban population from 10 to 54 million
2. Mostly Northeast and Midwest
3. 20 million European immigrants came

20. Pre-1890: most from northern and western Europe

21. New Immigrants – after 1890: from eastern and southern Europe

22. Ellis Island
Clip 1 – 8:49
Clip 2
Nearly half of the population of the United States can trace their roots to Ellis Island.
Ellis Island – New York Bay: Processing new immigrants. Opened 1892, burned 1897, reopened 1900, by 1910 had greeted 6 million immigrants, facilities inadequate, closed 1954, then vandalized, Pres. Johnson – Nat’l Monument 1965, restored.

23. At Ellis Is. – steerage class-endless delays; cabin class-quickly released.

24. Inspection – medical exams, humiliating, dehumanizing, 2 minutes, 35 questions, names changed, could be sent home.

25. Tagged by language, chalked by medical problems, long lines

26. Ellis Island Records - Passenger manifest records were kept of the more than 22 million people who entered the United States records on immigrants through Ellis Island. Key data available in Ellis Island in up to eleven fields including important information such as name, gender, age on arrival, marital status, ship name, port of origin, and last residence.

27. Ellis Island

28. Medical Exams About 10 percent of immigrants were detained for medical reasons. Physicians checked for signs of infectious diseases like diptheria or whooping cough as well as for signs of insanity, "feeblemindedness," or other conditions that would prevent applicants from earning a living.
Inspector's Story Now, the immigrants would undergo another medical and legal examination, usually lasting from three to five minutes each if no problems existed.

29. Most of the immigrants passed through the line easily, but the physicians placed chalk marks on others, a sign that they should report to the medical examination rooms for further scrutiny: an E for eye problems, an H for heart, L for lameness, SC for scalp, X for mental disease, and so on. Young children clung to their mothers, but the medical inspectors required those over two years to walk independently. Were they lame, deformed, mentally retarded? "How old are you?" an inspector asked of a young girl he suspected of being mentally deficient. "Here, let me hear you breathe," to a man seen puffing up the stairs. Was this immigrant attempting to hide tuberculosis, heart disease, or a lung pathology by pretending that his suitcase was the cause of his fatigue? The inspector's job was to investigate.

30. New Immigrants
Ethnic groups clustered together to preserve culture. Shared language, religion and values.
Created social clubs and aid societies; built churches and synagogues

31. Quick Write
What was one benefit and one drawback of ethnic clustering together in cities?

32. Tenements and Transportation
Better Transportation led to…
Crowded in cities
Middle and upper class moved to suburbs

33. Angel Island
Chinatown – Angel Island, preserve own culture, West Coast (S.F.), came for gold, worked on RR, Americans resented, lead to Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.

35. African Americans 1890-1910: 200,000 moved to cities in north and west
Tried to escape racial segregation
Found job discrimination