1. C2 Smart Teach 2: Bonding and Types of Substance

2. Why do atoms BOND with other atoms?
To get a FULL outer shell

3. Ionic Bonding Points to consider.
Don’t forget
Use dots for one element and crosses for the others
Put ions in brackets with the charges on the outside.
Points to consider.
Ionic bonding happens between metal and non-metal atoms
Each atom looses or gains electrons to obtain a full outer shell.
The ions produced are attracted to each other because opposite charges attract. This is called an ionic bond

4. Ionic Bonding If asked to describe how ionic bonding occurs
In the example state the number of electrons on the outer shell of each atom, state the number of electrons each atom looses or gains, give the charges of each ion, state that they attract.

5. Covalent bonding Define covalent bonding
Covalent bonding occurs between non-metals
Define covalent bonding
When two atoms share a pair of electrons
b) You need to know the diagrams for how five molecules are formed through covalent bonding. Either learn how to do them or memorise them
Water Hydrochloric acid
Oxygen Carbon dioxide
Methane
Depending on the class either show them how to do this or get them to learn them.

6. This is a narrated Walking Talking Mark slideshow.
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D to C
Walking Talking Mark
GCSE Chemistry (Legacy Specification)
Bonding Questions
This is a narrated Walking Talking Mark slideshow.
It will run automatically when you press start slideshow from the beginning.
NB: Some of the QWC style questions have more marks than 6 available this is to allow for students to see all of the possible marking points.
This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of The PiXL Club. It may not be copied, sold nor transferred to a third party or used by the school after membership ceases. Until such time it may be freely used within the member school.
All opinions and contributions are those of the authors. The contents of this resource are not connected with nor endorsed by any other company, organisation or institution.
Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. February 2016
The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016

7. Question a – Bonding
a. Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonding. (5 marks)

8. Answer a – Bonding
a. Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonding. (5 marks)
Ionic bonding occurs between metal and non-metal atoms. It involved the transfer of electrons and forms ions (charged particles). Covalent bonding occurs between two or more non- metal atoms. It involves the sharing of electrons.

9. Question b – Bonding
b. Draw a diagram to show the formation of sodium chloride from its atoms. (3 marks)

10. Answer b – Bonding
b. Draw a diagram to show the formation of sodium chloride from its atoms.
(3 marks)

11. Question c – Bonding
c. Draw a diagram to show the formation of carbon dioxide from its atoms. (4 marks)

12. Answer c – Bonding
c. Draw a diagram to show the formation of carbon dioxide from its atoms.
(4 marks)

13. Metallic Bonding Describe metallic bonding
Each metal atom donates all of its outer electrons to a delocalised sea of electrons. The positive metal ions are then attracted to the sea of electrons. This is called a metallic bond.
b) Draw a diagram to represent metallic bonding.
You should draw positive metal ions in ordered rows surrounded by a sea of electrons

14. Types of structure Atoms Type of bonding Type of structure Metals
Metallic
Metallic lattice
Metal and non metal
Ionic
Giant ionic lattice
Carbon only
Covalent
Giant molecular
Non metals only
Simple molecular

15. Giant
Ionic lattice
Giant metallic lattice
Simple molecular
Giant molecular (diamond)
Giant molecular (graphite)
Description
Oppositely charged ions attracted to each other arranged in a lattice
Positive metal ions (cations) in a sea of delocalised electrons
Few covalent bonds
Carbon only
Each carbon atom has 4 covalent bonds
Carbon only. Each carbon atom has three covalent bonds. There is a delocalised electron. The structure is in layers
conduct electricity?
Solid = No
Molten = Yes
Solution/dissolved = yes
yes No no
Yes
Explanation
Solid = charged ions can not move
others= charged ions can move, therefore carry a charge
The free electrons can move therefore can carry a current
No Charged particles that can move
No charged particles that can move
The free electron can move therefore can carry a current
melting/
boiling points
High
Low
Strong ionic bonds between ions, requires a lot of heat energy to break these bonds.
Strong metallic bonds between ions, requires a lot of heat energy to break these bonds.
Weak intermolecular forces between molecules. Little heat energy required to separate molecules
Strong covalent bonds between atoms, requires a lot of heat energy to break these bonds.
For something to conduct electrons it needs charged particles that con move. Students need to ifdentify what the charged particles are!

16. Forms of Carbon Question
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D to C
Walking Talking Mark
GCSE Chemistry (Legacy Specification)
Forms of Carbon Question
This is a narrated Walking Talking Mark slideshow.
It will run automatically when you press start slideshow from the beginning.
NB: Some of the QWC style questions have more marks than 6 available this is to allow for students to see all of the possible marking points.
This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of The PiXL Club. It may not be copied, sold nor transferred to a third party or used by the school after membership ceases. Until such time it may be freely used within the member school.
All opinions and contributions are those of the authors. The contents of this resource are not connected with nor endorsed by any other company, organisation or institution.
Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. February 2016
The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016

17. Question – Forms of carbon
QWC: Although diamond, graphite and fullerenes are allotropes (forms) of carbon they all have different properties and therefore different uses.
Describe the physical properties of diamond and graphite and explain why diamond is used in cutting tools whereas graphite is used in lubricants. (6 marks)

18. Answer – Forms of carbon
QWC: Although diamond, graphite and fullerenes are allotropes (forms) of carbon they all have different properties and therefore different uses.
Describe the physical properties of diamond and graphite and explain why diamond is used in cutting tools whereas graphite is used in lubricants. (6 marks)
Diamond is lustrous(shiny) and colourless. It is very hard, has a high melting point and does not conduct electricity. It is used in cutting tools as it is very hard. Graphite is black, lustrous (shiny), opaque and conducts electricity. It is formed of layers that make it slippery it is used in lubricants as it is slippery.

19. From listening to the pervious slides answer this question
State a use of diamond and graphite. For each explain how its structure determines it use: