1. Special Topic: Methods of Crop Establishment Crop Establishment
Part 1: Understanding the PalayCheck System

2. Methods of Crop Establishment
Direct Seeding
Transplanting

3. Direct Seeding Broadcast seeding Row Seeding
widely used, easy and fast
manual or mechanical weeding difficult to use
Row Seeding
not common as common as broadcasting
better control of seed rate
manual or mechanical weeding could be used

4. Direct Seeding: pros Direct seeded field
less laborious than transplanting because no raising of seedlings in seedbeds, no pulling, and no need to transplant seedlings
shorter duration of maturity. Generally, direct seeded rice matures 7-10 days earlier than transplanted rice because seedlings are not pulled.
Direct seeded field

5. Direct Seeding: cons
suitability of variety – must be vigorous, tolerant to lodging
field must be well-prepared – level with small canals near the levee and in the middle of the field
pre-germinated seeds should be evenly distributed
extra protection against rats, birds, snails, and weeds needed

6. Methods of Crop Establishment
Direct Seeding
Transplanting

7. Transplanting Random (waray) planting Straight row planting
done without definite distance or spacing between seedlings
Straight row planting
definite spacing is maintained between plants through the use of planting guides, markers, and mechanical transplanter

8. Transplanting: pros good head start for plant growth over weeds
shorter duration in main field
easy to maintain uniform plant spacing & population if planted in rows

9. Transplanting: cons tedious & labor- intensive drudgery & back problem
difficult to find labor to plant on time during peak planting season

10. Transplanting Why go for straight row planting?
it enhances the attainment of optimum plant spacing and population
2. it facilitates the application of fertilizers and pesticides
3. it facilitates weeding and roguing
4. off-types can be easily identified

11. Seedling preparation for transplanting
wetbed
drybed
modified dapog
Specific, detailed discussions on each method of seedling preparation is another special topic.
Seedling preparation for transplanting
mat nursery

12. TRANSPLANTING
DIRECT-SEEDING

13. When to transplant? direct-seed?
variety to plant is best suited for transplanting (i.e. hybrid varieties)
weather entails heavy rains
birds, rats, golden kuhol, and weeds are main pests in the community
water is abundant in the area
TRANSPLANTING
DIRECT-SEEDING
In deciding whether to transplant or direct-seed, consider the following:
variety to plant is best suited for direct-seeding (ex. NSIC Rc144)
farm labor is limited
labor cost is high

14. field
seedbed
Whether transplanting or direct seeding, you need to prepare seeds for sowing in the seedbed or in the field. Preparing seeds is SIPS so easy!

15. preparing seeds for sowing
General steps in
preparing seeds for sowing
SIPS so easy!
1. Soak the seeds
Soak seeds in clean water for hours
Wash seeds before and after soaking
Change soaking water every 5-6 hours

16. SIPS so easy! 2. Incubate the seeds
Incubate seeds at 30oC for hours or until the root emerges
Keep seeds moist and aerated

17. SIPS so easy! 3. Prepare the area for sowing.
Prepare seedbeds a day before sowing. For direct seeding, make sure the field has already been leveled properly.
Incorporate on the upper layer bags of organic materials or 3-4 bags commercial organic fertilizer for every 400 m2 seedbed area before leveling

18. SIPS so easy! 4. Sow the pre-germinated seeds
Sow seeds in the seedbed or in the field when the roots are starting to come out
Sow seeds uniformly throughout the seedbed or the field

19. ANO RAW?
Summary:
Methods of crop establishment: Transplanting and Direct seeding
Direct seeding: broadcast and row seeding
Transplanting: wetbed, drybed, modified dapog, mat nursery
In preparing seeds for sowing, remember SIPS!

20. CREDITS Mr. Glenn Ilar Note:
Instructional presentation designer: Ms. Ev Parac
Sources of technical content/reviewers of presentation:
Mr. Glenn Ilar
Note:
Adapted from powerpoint presentations developed by: Mr. Salvador Yabes
You may use, remix, tweak, For more information, visit:
& build upon this presentation non-commercially. However, always use with acknowledgment.
Unless otherwise stated, the names listed are PhilRice staffers.
Produced in 2011.
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