1. Period 2 – 1607 to 1754 AP U.S. History
English Colonization
Period 2 – 1607 to 1754
AP U.S. History

2. Key Understanding
Compare and contrast the colonial development of Massachusetts and Virginia.

3. England Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) Population increases
Joint-stock companies develop
Religious conflicts divide the nation
Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions

4. English Colonies Corporate Colony Proprietary Colony Royal Colony
Granted a charter to stockholders
Ex. Virginia
Proprietary Colony
Granted a charter to individual or group
Ex. Maryland, Pennsylvania
Royal Colony
Under direct control of the monarch
Ex. New Hampshire
Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal colonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts
First page of the Carolina charter, authorized by Charles II, 1663

5. The First English Attempts
Sir Walter Raleigh (1585)
Roanoke (1587)

6. Jamestown Virginia Company of London
Established in 1607 on mouth of Chesapeake Bay
John Smith
“he that will not work shall not eat”
”Starving Time” ( )
Powhatan
John Rolfe
Tobacco seeds to plantations

7. Who is this?

8. This is John Smith.

9. Pilgrims Separatists to Holland then head for Virginia
Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather complicates matters
Settlers decide to remain and establish Plymouth (1620)

11. Wampanoag Dwelling

12. Plymouth Colony

13. Thirteen Colonies

14. New England Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630) Rhode Island
John Winthrop
“city upon a hill”
Rhode Island
Providence (1636)
Roger Williams
Portsmouth (1638)
Anne Hutchinson
Connecticut
Hartford (1637)
Thomas Hooker
New Haven (1638)
New Hampshire (1679)
Fundamental Orders was model of civil gov’t based on religious principles (the 1st written constitution in American history)

15. New England and Religion
Separatist who questioned the validity of the colony’s charter because the land was not bought from natives
Promoted “liberty of conscience” where God (not leaders) would punish people for their “wrong” religious ideas
Puritanical lifestyle in Massachusetts
Religious toleration and dissent Rhode Island
Roger Williams and “wall of separation”
Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism
Halfway Covenant (1662)
Attempt to increase members
Salem Witch Trials ( )
185 accused
141 women; 44 men
19 executed
14 women; 5 men
Believed that “converted” people are not subject to man’s laws, only subject to God’s laws.(Antinomianism)

16. New England Politics Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
First written constitution in America
Relations with Natives
New England Confederation ( )
Defense alliance among Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven
King Philip’s (Metacom) War ( )
New England Confederation defeats Wampanoag alliance

17. Middle Colonies Development Economics New York New Jersey (1702)
New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of York in 1664
New Jersey (1702)
Pennsylvania settled by Quakers
Delaware (1702)
Economics
Develop wheat and corn farms
“Bread basket” of the colonies
Eventually into manufacturing and trade

18. Pennsylvania William Penn (1681)
Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers
Holy Experiment
Religious refuge
Liberal political ideals
Economic success
Frame of Government and Charter of Liberties
Quakers believed in “Inner Light”:
Rejected idea of original sin & predestination
Believed that each person could communicate directly with God
All are equal in eyes of God & can be saved (conversion was essential to faith)
Quakers were persecuted in New England for their beliefs; William Penn founded Pennsylvania in 1681 as a “holy experiment”
As a society run on Quaker principles that promoted religious toleration & protection of the rights of property-less
Appealed to English, Welsh, Irish, German immigrants
Immigration to PA led to a very ethnically, nationally, & religiously diverse population
Quarrels were common (unlike homogeneous VA & Mass Bay colonies), but PA prospered
In 1701, Penn granted self-rule to PA colonists & independence to Delaware counties

19. Southern Colonies Maryland (1634) Virginia (1607) Carolinas (1663)
Lord Baltimore
Act of Toleration (1649)
Virginia (1607)
Carolinas (1663)
North Carolina (1729)
Tobacco
South Carolina (1729)
Rice and indigo
Georgia (1732)
James Oglethorpe

20. Virginia Jamestown (1607) House of Burgesses in 1619
First legislative assembly in the colonies
Becomes royal colony in 1624
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Inequities between large landowners and western farmers
Nathanial Bacon vs. William Berkeley
Headright System
50 acres to each paying immigrant or plantation owner who paid for indentured servant
"Here shoot me before God, fair mark shoot.”
Governor William Berkeley in response to Nathanial Bacon’s threat for demands.

21. Georgia James Oglethorpe establishes in 1732
Social experiment
Defensive buffer to Spanish Florida
Debtors colony