1. Topographic Maps
Two-dimensional representation of a Three-dimensional surface.
Coordinate systems
Latitude/Longitude (spherical)
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) system
Contour Lines: lines of equal elevation.
North Arrow
Scale
Symbols
Colors
Standard in US: United States Geological Survey (USGS)

2. General Units and conversions: Page xii, front of lab manual
Significant Figures in calculations:
3.0 * 120 = 360 2
3 * 120 = 400 (not 360) 1
3.178 * = (not ) 4
2.17 * 2,000 (Conversion factor) = 4,340 3
7.1 * 2,000 = 14,000 (not 14,200) 2
Many of your answers should have at least 2 significant figures, but no more than 3, even if not following the “rules”

3. Page 230
Figure 9.2

4. Figure 9.2a
___ Minutes = 1 Degree
___ Seconds = 1 Minute 60 60

5. Not a square. Why not? Equator vs Poles? What is Linville Falls?
Square or Rectangle?
Figure 9.2b

6. Figure 9.2c

7. Linville Falls Latitudes and Longitudes?
Page 232
Linville Falls Latitudes and Longitudes?
Figure 9.3a

8. Scales: Ratio and Bar
Page 233
Figure 9.3b

9. Scale Bar Scale (Miles, Feet, Meters) Ratio Scale
1 map unit = # units in real life
1:12,000
1 map unit equals 12,000 real units
1 inch on the map = 12,000 inches in real life or _____ feet
(Linville Falls: 1:_______; 1 in ~ ___ feet)
1,000
24,000
2,000

10. Page
234
Figure 9.4

11. Page
234
Figure 9.4

12. DIRECTIONS – TWO METHODS
Page 235
DIRECTIONS – TWO METHODS
Figure 9.5
N or S first, Degrees to the E or W
A to B: N 42 E
B to A: ______
# Degrees clockwise from North (0°)
A to B: 42°
B to A: ______
S 42 W
222

13. UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR (UTM)
Page 237
Metric (meters)
Rectangular,
not spherical
Figure 9.6

14. Page 242
Figure 9.10

15. Units of Elevation (Vertical)? Units of Distance (Horizontal)? Feet
Page 242
Figure 9.10a
Units of Elevation (Vertical)?
Units of Distance (Horizontal)?
Feet
Miles

16. What is the contour interval?
Page 242
Contour Interval: difference in elevation between two adjacent contour lines (that are not equal).
What is the contour interval?
The location indicated by “x 108” is higher in elevation than 100 feet but less than 150 feet. If no listed elevation, what you predict it to be?
Figure 9.10b
50 Feet
Half way between 100 feet and the next contour of 150 feet
= 125 Feet

17. Page 244
Figure 9.12

18. Page 245
Figure 9.13

19. Page 247
Figure 9.14

20. Contour Interval? Number of lines 4-6. Where to start?
North?
Contour Interval? Number of lines 4-6. Where to start?
Draw to edge of figure, and label each line.
Page 253 80
100 90
110
UnFigure Pg253_2
120

21. 1) Label “dots” with elevations, increments of 100.
Page 253
400
1) Label “dots” with elevations, increments of 100.
2) Notice “V” where 100-foot contour line crosses the stream. Do the same for all other contour lines.
600
500
400
200
UnFigure Pg253_1
400

22. Page 255
UnFigure Pg255_1

23. Copy is Black & White, so look at the manual.
Page 254
Copy is Black & White, so look at the manual.
What do the blue lines represent?
What is the contour interval?
Which direction to the rivers flow?
V’s point Upstream.
Scale: 1 km grid
Where are Max and Min Elev?
UnFigure Pg254
1000 m

24. Change in elevation divided by distance. Slope: Rise / Run
Gradient:
Change in elevation divided by distance.
Slope: Rise / Run
Change in Elevation
Distance
200-0 feet
1 mile
100-0 feet
Figure 9.13b
Relief: Change in elevation on the map.
Maximum – Minimum.
266 – 0 = 266 Feet

25. ACTIVITIES In Handout (circled and 9.1, but not 9.5.A.4)
Units/Conversion Factors
See Page xii in front of manual
1 ft = 12 in
1 mi = 5,280 ft
1 m = ft
1 m = 1000 mm = 100 cm
1 km = 1000 m

26. Contour Interval? Number of lines 4-6. Where to start?
North?
Contour Interval? Number of lines 4-6. Where to start?
Draw to edge of figure, and label each line.
Page 253 80
100 90
110
UnFigure Pg253_2
120