1. Bell Ringer
Pick up a guided notes handout for Massachusetts and complete the Venn Diagram to compare and contrast Separatists and Puritans (page 64 in textbook)

2. Massachusetts
Essential Question: How did religion influence the settlement of Massachusetts?
Standards: 8.3, 8.4

3. Pilgrims Leadership came from English dissenters who moved to Holland
Separatists- wanted to separate themselves from the Anglican Church
Pilgrims did not like the fact that it was sponsored by the government and did not accomplish the goals of the Protestant Reformation
The were looking for religious freedom in the new world

4. Quick Check!
1. In your own words, describe the why the Pilgrims wanted to separate from the Church of England?
2. Why did the Pilgrims not land in their original planned location in Virginia?

5. Plymouth Plantation
In 1620, a party of 35 pilgrims and 66 other settlers sailed from Plymouth, England to America
Their ship was the Mayflower
They were trying to get to Virginia but due to weather, they were forced to settle near Cape Cod, MA
They named their settlement, “Plymouth” after the city where they sailed from
Pilgrims set up their system of self-government with the Mayflower Compact

6. Mayflower Compact The goal was not to create a new nation
Acknowledged the authority of King James
Pledged “submission and obedience” to elected officers of the colony
First time in history where a group of people consciously formed a government where one had not existed before

7. William Bradford Most famous governor of Plymouth
A signer of the Mayflower Compact
His most famous writing, Of Plymouth Plantation, is considered the most complete story of the pilgrim experience

8. Quick Check! 3. What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
4. Hypothesize: How would America be different today if the Pilgrims had not developed the Mayflower Compact?
5. Which governor of Plymouth wrote, Of Plymouth Plantation, the most complete story of the pilgrim experience?

9. Squanto Disease and starvation was sweeping through Plymouth
Squanto was a Native American who befriended the Pilgrims
Squanto showed the pilgrims how to grow corn in sandy soil by using fish as fertilizer
Things changed for the better and the pilgrims had a bountiful harvest
In November of 1621, this feast led to the first Thanksgiving

10. Puritans in Massachusetts
Puritans began moving from England to Massachusetts (“The Great Migration”)
Like the pilgrims (Separatists), Puritans disagreed with the church
Their primary goal was to “purify” the church rather than separating from it

11. Quick Check!
6. In your own words, explain how Squanto helped the pilgrims agriculturally.
7. Which group of people began moving to Massachusetts during “the Great Migration?”

12. John Winthrop Governor of Massachusetts
Believed in political compromise
He believed that ordinary settlers should have a voice in government
Only white, land-owning, males could vote
Preached that Massachusetts should be a “city upon a hill” and should serve as an example for other colonies
Phrase comes from the Bible

13. Quick Check!
8. Which Puritan leader became the governor of Massachusetts?
9. Explain his views on politics and government involvement by settlers.
10. What did Winthrop mean when he said that Massachusetts should be a “city upon a hill?”

14. Massachusetts as a Theocracy
Theocracy- government using religion as its basis for laws
Winthrop and other leaders believed that their rulings were ordained by God
Religious freedom was virtually non-existent
Anyone who believed differently could be persecuted

15. Town Meetings
Local citizens would have meetings to discuss and vote on issues
Some were “open” and some were “representative”
These are still used today

16. Quick Check!
11. Why would most historians refer to the colonial government of Massachusetts as a “theocracy?”
12. What was the purpose of “town meetings?”

17. Thomas Hooker
Did not agree with the way Winthrop was ruling Massachusetts
Led his followers to Connecticut where they settled
Hooker and others adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639
First written constitution in America

18. Roger Williams Forced out of Massachusetts
Believed that people should be free to follow any religious practices
Believed the government and religion should be completely separate
Believed it was wrong for settlers to take land away from Native Americans
He was banished from Massachusetts for his views
Received a charter to form the colony of Rhode Island (a safe place for dissenters)
Rhode Island became a colony centered around religious freedom

19. Anne Hutchinson Held religious meetings in her Boston home
Questioned the religious authority of officials/ministers (dissenter)
Puritans were shocked to hear a woman be so bold
She was placed on trial for heresy (disagreeing with church officials)
She defended herself on trial, showing remarkable religious knowledge
She was found guilty and was banished from the colony
With her family, she moved to Rhode Island

20. Quick Check!
13. Thomas Hooker disagreed with Winthrop and the theocratic government in Massachusetts. How did he respond?
14. How were Roger Williams’ views on religion different from Winthrop’s?
15. Which colony did Williams form as a safe place for people who disagreed with the government of Massachusetts?
16. Define “dissenter.”
17. Why was Anne Hutchinson placed on trial?
18. What was so shocking to the people of Massachusetts about Hutchinson’s trial?
19. After being banished, Hutchinson joined ____________________________________ in Rhode Island.

21. Salem, Massachusetts
In 1692, Betty Parris (daughter of Reverend Samuel Parris) and her cousin, Abigail Williams start screaming, uttering strange sounds, crawling under furniture and contorting themselves in strange positions.
The girls complained about being pinched and stuck with pins
There was no evidence of any harm

22. Salem, Massachusetts The girls accused several people of witchcraft
Among the accused:
Ann Putnam (family enemy)
Sarah Good (homeless beggar)
Sarah Osborne (rarely attended church)
Tituba (slave)

23. Salem Witch Trials
During the trials, accusers screamed and contorted themselves as a demonstration of being under the control of witchcraft
Some of the accused confessed
Many people were hanged

24. Quick Check!
20. Why were many on trial in the village of Salem, Massachusetts?
21. What happened as a result of these trials?

25. Summarizing Activity Choose one of the following:
Top 10 List- What are the most important takeaways?
Twitter Post- Summarize the content in under 140 characters.

26. Student Choice Activity
Choose ONE of the following:
1. Research the strict rules of Puritan life in Massachusetts. Create a mini-poster using illustrations. You will be graded on CONTENT and CREATIVITY.
2. Research Anne Hutchinson's dissension against the Puritan church. Then choose another famous dissenter. Construct a one-page essay comparing the experience to Hutchinson's.

27. Important People of Massachusetts Foldable
Illustrated flipbook foldable over the following key individuals:
William Bradford
Squanto
John Winthrop
Anne Hutchinson
Roger Williams
Thomas Hooker