1. Group Success

2. Group Task:
You have 15 minutes to create a ‘group identity’. The group I choose to join will win a prize!
Some things to consider:
Group name
Brand
Morals
Activities
Social events
Goals
Ways to present your group
Group A:
Anush
Anish
Fawaz
Joe
Group B:
Anna
Phoebe
Jessie
Alex

3. What is a group? 2 or more people Shared common goal Structured forms
of communication
Collective identity

4. Stages of group formation
Forming – development of relationships within the group
Storming – conflict within the groups individuals attempt to establish their position
Norming – group gain stability and starts to become cohesive
Performing – players work together towards their common goal

5. Cohesion
The extent to which a group works together to achieve a common goal
Depends on group members and the task
Co-interacting – fulfilling positional requirements
Co-acting – all completing the same action

6. Carron’s antecedents (factors) which contribute to the cohesiveness of a group
Environmental/situational factors – size of group/time available/training facilities
Member characteristics – ability/motivation of the group
Leadership factors – style/behaviour – involvement of the individuals in decision making
Team factors – shared experiences of the group – the more success the more cohesion

7. Which one do you think is more important?
Group cohesion
Task cohesion:
Interactions of individuals and how well they work together to achieve their common goal
Social cohesion
Interaction of individuals and how well they relate to each other, the level of support offered and the degree of trust.
Which one do you think is more important?

8. Task cohesion is vital for success
Social cohesion often develops as task cohesion improves

9. Why can social cohesion sometimes have a negative impact?
Formation of cliques
Not challenging poor performance

10. Strategies to develop an effective group and cohesion
Practice/training
Give individuals goals/responsibilities
Provide feedback on performance
Develop peer support/open environment
Vary practice to maintain motivation
Improve fitness levels
Social outings
Avoid social cliques
Create a group identify (kit)
Develop self-efficacy
Maintain team stability

11. Steiner’s model of group productivity
Group productivity – the effectiveness of a group when completing a task
Actual productivity = potential productivity – loses due to faulty processes

12. Actual productivity = the performance of a group at a given time
Potential productivity – quality and quantity of the group’s resources relevant to the task (ability/skill level/task difficulty)
Faulty processes – factors which interfere with the group reaching it’s full potential
Coordination loses: lack of team work/communication
Motivational loses: concentration/low self-confidence

13. Ringelmann effect
As group size increases – increased likelihood of co-ordination problems occurring and the performance of an individual decreasing.

14. Social loafing
Performer attempts to hide when placed in a group situation, ‘coasting’ through the game and not performing to their full potential

15. Strategies to minimise the effects of social loafing
Give individual responsibility
Give feedback – praise contribution
Use video analysis
Target setting
Use situations where it is hard to allow social loafing to occur – e.g. small sided games
Develop fitness
Vary practice to maintain motivation

16. Exam questions:
Identify and explain Carron’s factors that contribute to the cohesiveness of a group (3marks)

17. A. Environment/situational factors – size of group/time/facilities/age or equivalent
B. Member/personal factors – ability/motivation/satisfaction/similarity of group or equivalent
C. Leadership factors – style/behaviour/personality/relationship with group or equivalent
D. Team factors – task/motivation/stability/ability/shared experiences or equivalent
E. Four correct factors named but no explanation

18. 2. Explain the term ‘task cohesion’ and why it is vital for success in any game (4 marks)

19. A. Task cohesion – the ability of the group to achieve a common goal
B. Players need to be able to interact effectively/ good communication
C. Understand own role/other’s role/good co-ordination
D. Poor cohesion can be classed as a faulty process
E. Good task cohesion can help social cohesion
F. Social cohesion – the ability of the group to relate well to each other/get along socially
G. Social cohesion is not vital for group success/task cohesion is more important than social cohesion

20. Explain how faulty processes can have a negative impact on group productivity.
(5 marks)

21. A. Actual/group productivity = Potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes
B. (Faulty process) Co-ordination losses
C. (Any one of) poor tactics/lack of communication/poor teamwork or equiv
D. Ringlemann Effect
E. (explanation) as the group size increases the individual contribution decreases/more opportunity for communication breakdown
F. (Faulty process) Motivational losses
G. (any one of) incorrect arousal levels/feeling under-valued/low self- efficacy/poor concentration/avoidance behaviour/fear of failure
H. Social loafing
I. (explanation) reduction in motivation and individual effort/individual hides in the group/coasts
J. Cohesion/Task cohesion decreases/actual productivity decreases
K. Social cohesion is poor - social cliques formed