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E-Learning Futures Professor J C Taylor

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1 E-Learning Futures Professor J C Taylor
12 March 2003 E-Learning Futures Professor J C Taylor Vice President (Academic & Global Learning) University of Southern Queensland Australia March 2004 Estonia Video Conference

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3 Note: Students studying solely online 1,064
12 March 2003 Enrolled Students USQ 2003 All students 25, (100%) On-campus ,204 (24%) Off-campus (Australia) 13,723 (53%) Off-campus (Overseas) 5,818 (23%) Note: Students studying solely online ,064 Estonia Video Conference

4 USQ’s International Students 2003
Singapore ,598 Malaysia ,327 Hong Kong South Africa United Arab Emirates Japan Pacific Islands India Canada China Germany Total, incl. students from 67 other countries 6,976

5 Five Generations of Distance Education Technology
12 March 2003 Five Generations of Distance Education Technology The Correspondence Model The Multimedia Model The Telelearning Model The Flexible Learning Model The Intelligent Flexible Learning Model Estonia Video Conference

6 DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
First Generation 12 March 2003 MODELS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AND ASSOCIATED DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTIONAL VARIABLE COSTS APPROACHING ZERO FLEXIBILITY HIGHLY REFINED MATERIALS ADVANCED INTERACTIVE DELIVERY Time Place Pace THE CORRESPONDENCE MODEL Yes Yes Yes Yes No • Print No Estonia Video Conference

7 DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
Second Generation 12 March 2003 MODELS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AND ASSOCIATED DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTIONAL VARIABLE COSTS APPROACHING ZERO FLEXIBILITY HIGHLY REFINED MATERIALS ADVANCED INTERACTIVE DELIVERY Time Place Pace THE MULTIMEDIA MODEL Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No • Print Audiotape • Videotape Computer-based learning (eg CML/CAL) Interactive video Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Estonia Video Conference

8 12 March 2003 Variable costs tend to increase or decrease directly (often linearly) with fluctuations in the volume of activity. In traditional distance education delivery, the distribution of packages of self-instructional materials (printed study guides, audiotapes, videotapes, etc) is a variable cost, which varies in direct proportion to the number of students enrolled. Estonia Video Conference

9 DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
Third Generation 12 March 2003 MODELS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AND ASSOCIATED DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTIONAL VARIABLE COSTS APPROACHING ZERO FLEXIBILITY HIGHLY REFINED MATERIALS ADVANCED INTERACTIVE DELIVERY Time Place Pace THE TELELEARNING MODEL No No No No Yes • Audio-teleconferencing Videoconferencing • Audiographic communication Broadcast TV/Radio and Audio-teleconferencing No No No No Yes Yes Estonia Video Conference

10 DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
12 March 2003 Fourth Generation MODELS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AND ASSOCIATED DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTIONAL VARIABLE COSTS APPROACHING ZERO FLEXIBILITY HIGHLY REFINED MATERIALS ADVANCED INTERACTIVE DELIVERY Time Place Pace THE FLEXIBLE LEARNING MODEL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes • Interactive multimedia (IMM) • Internet-based access to WWW resources • Computer mediated communication (CMC). Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Estonia Video Conference

11 DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
Fifth Generation 12 March 2003 MODELS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AND ASSOCIATED DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTIONAL VARIABLE COSTS APPROACHING ZERO FLEXIBILITY HIGHLY REFINED MATERIALS ADVANCED INTERACTIVE DELIVERY Time Place Pace THE INTELLIGENT FLEXIBLE LEARNING MODEL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes • Interactive multimedia Internet-based access to WWW resources • CMC, using automated response systems Campus portal access to institutional processes & resources Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Estonia Video Conference

12 5th Generation Web Self-Service
12 March 2003 5th Generation Web Self-Service Ask a question/ send an NO Incoming “new” admin question from student USQAssist: Self-service Knowledge Base Search / Match Previous Questions Previous Answers USQ staff member – “New Answer” “Immediate” admin feedback to student YES Trigger Estonia Video Conference

13 5th Generation Web Self-Service
12 March 2003 5th Generation Web Self-Service Metadata Schema Model NO Duty Tutor Incoming “new” academic question from student Reusable Learning Objects Database Previous Questions <meta tags> Previous Answers <meta tags> Search / Match “Immediate” academic feedback to student New Answer YES Trigger Estonia Video Conference

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16 Managing the Fixed Costs of Development
AUTOMATIC RENDITIONS: Print Web CD DVD STYLE SHEET: XSLT XSLT XSLT XSLT XML (eXtensible markup language) CONTENT REPOSITORY: DTD (Document Type Definition) INPUT: XML Editor

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18 5th Generation Web Self-Service
12 March 2003 5th Generation Web Self-Service Ask a question/ send an NO Incoming “new” admin question from student USQAssist: Self-service Knowledge Base Search / Match Previous Questions Previous Answers USQ staff member – “New Answer” “Immediate” admin feedback to student YES Trigger Estonia Video Conference

19 During S2, the e-CRM also managed a further 67,766 email queries.
USQAssist Self-Service Knowledge Base To 31 October 2003 the system received: an average 10,300 hits per week; 169,000 student contacts; 106,400 answers viewed; 42,200 searches performed; 6,190 questions using the “Ask a Question” facility. During S2, the e-CRM also managed a further 67,766 queries.

20 Managing the Variable Costs of Customer Contacts
Face-to-face contact US $8.00 Phone contact (average) US $ $6.00 US $ $2.50 Web Self-Service US $0.24 Source: Gartner Group Inc.

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22 12 March 2003 Estonia Video Conference

23 12 March 2003 Estonia Video Conference

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34 Communication Areas Content Areas Student Areas
Group Areas Student Areas

35 5th Generation Web Self-Service
12 March 2003 5th Generation Web Self-Service Metadata Schema Model NO Duty Tutor Incoming “new” academic question from student Reusable Learning Objects Database Previous Questions <meta tags> Previous Answers <meta tags> Search / Match “Immediate” academic feedback to student New Answer YES Trigger Estonia Video Conference

36 The Potential of e-Learning
12 March 2003 The Potential of e-Learning From transmission to transaction From the independent learner to the inter-dependent learner Estonia Video Conference

37 Brown & Duguid (2000) emphasised the importance of regarding learning as a social act:
“Practice is an effective teacher, and community of practice an ideal learning environment.”

38 Relevant Instructional Design Theories
ZPD: Zone of proximal development (Vygotsky, 1978; 1981) Reflective practitioner (Schon, 1987) Communities of practice (Brown, Collins & Duguid, 1989) Situated cognition (Lave & Wenger, 1991)

39 Lave & Wenger (1991) emphasised the importance of the social context in which the learner is immersed, and learning as legitimate peripheral participation in a community of practice.

40 In the online context, legitimate peripheral participation has become associated with the term “Lurker”. “One of the “silent majority” in an electronic forum; one who posts occasionally or not at all but is known to read the group's postings regularly.” (The Jargon dictionary, 2002)

41 Student Participation Profiles
Proactive Peripheral Parsimonious Workers Lurkers Shirkers

42 Overview of Participation and Performance
Average Number: Discussion Board Hits 193 129 36 Student Sub-Groups The Workers The Lurkers The Shirkers Average Number: Messages Posted 38 13 4 Average: GPA 5.43 5.41 4.30

43 12 March 2003 Outcome The academic performance of the lurkers was on average not much less than that of the workers, thereby supporting the notion of learning as legitimate peripheral participation. Estonia Video Conference

44 virtual cohorts of students.
12 March 2003 E-Learning Futures The success of the lurkers augurs well for the use of e-learning facilitated by intelligent databases and the flexibility inherent in interacting with virtual cohorts of students. Estonia Video Conference

45 5th Generation Application
12 March 2003 Metadata Schema Model NO Duty Tutor Incoming “new” academic question from student Reusable Learning Objects Database Search / Match Previous Questions <meta tags> Previous Answers <meta tags> New Answer “Immediate” academic feedback to student YES 5th Generation Application Trigger Estonia Video Conference

46 5th Generation In effect, fifth generation distance provides students with better quality tuition and more effective pedagogical and administrative support services at lower cost.

47 The e-Revolution “Any new technology environment eventually creates a totally new human environment” Marshall McLuhan

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