1. Chapter20 Life During the Cold War
Lesson 1
Western Europe and North America

2. Europe's Postwar Economy
What was the economic situation in Western Europe after World War II?
Rapid recovery of Western European economies
Economic aid from the Marshall Plan
By 1950, industrial production 30% above prewar levels
France
Annual economic growth of 5.5%
Became major industrial producer
Exporter of automobiles and weapons

3. Europe's Postwar Economy
West Germany
"Economic miracle" guided by minister of finance
Fall in unemployment from 8% (1950) to 0.4% (1965)
Great Britain
Massive economic problems following WWII
Created modern welfare state
National Insurance Act: assistance for unemployed, aged
National Health Service Act: ensured medical care for everyone

4. Europe's Postwar Economy
European Economic Community
Encouraged economic cooperation
Free trade between member states
Tariffs on goods from outside EEC

5. Canada After the War How did Canada develop after World War II?
Economic development
Industrial growth
Electronics, aircraft, nuclear, chemical engineering
Welfare state
National social security
National health insurance system
Preservation of united Canada
Official Languages Act, allowing both English and French languages in civil service

6. Postwar Economy in the United States
What was the economic situation in the United States after World War II?
Economy boomed in postwar years.
Wartime shortages of consumer goods resulted in pent-up demand.
Growth of labor unions brought higher wages.
Higher wages gave more people the ability to buy consumer goods.
Real wages grew 3% per year (1945–1973).

7. Civil Rights
What were some key events in the 1960s civil rights movement in the United States?
August 1963: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., leads march on Washington, D.C.—dramatic plea for racial equality.
Majority of Americans view civil rights as most significant national issue.
1964: President Johnson pursues cause of equal rights for African Americans.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 creates mechanism to end segregation and discrimination in workplaces and all public places.
Voting Rights Act makes it easier for African Americans in the South to vote.
1968: Martin Luther King, Jr., is assassinated; riots break out in more than 100 U.S. cities.
Riots lead to "white backlash" and continued racial division.

8. Changing Western Values
How did Western values change following World War II?
Consumer society
Middle class expands.
Population shifts from rural to urban.
Increase in wages results in increased buying power for working class.
Buying on credit becomes widespread.

9. Changing Western Values
Women's role
Married women enter workforce again.
Working women face inequality in jobs and wages.
Growing interest in feminism leads to women's liberation movement.
Equal Pay Act: 1963 law requires that women's pay be equal to men's for same jobs.
Roe v. Wade: 1973 decision legalizes abortion in the United States.

10. Lesson 2 Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union
Chapter 20
Lesson 2
Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union

11. Communist Governments in Eastern Europe
Which parts of Eastern Europe were under Soviet control following World War II?
At end of WWII, most of Eastern Europe and Balkans occupied by Soviet army
Soviet satellite states: East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
Had Communist governments under Soviet control
Eliminated noncommunist political parties
Set up institutions of repression: secret police, military forces
Instituted Soviet-style five-year plans, with emphasis on heavy industries and collectivized agriculture and few consumer goods

12. Communist Governments in Eastern Europe
Albania: Communist government, but independent of Soviets
Yugoslavia: Independent Communist government led by Tito, avoiding Soviet control

13. Heavy Industry
What were the results of the Soviet Union's command economy and its emphasis on heavy industry?
Stalin's economic plan
Production of goods for export
Use of incoming capital to buy machinery and technology
Results
New power plants, canals, and factories
40% increase in industrial production
Development of Soviet hydrogen bomb and space satellite
Lack of consumer goods
Housing shortage

14. Heavy Industry Post-Stalin leaders
Khrushchev: Tried to encourage consumer-goods production and agricultural expansion
Brezhnev: Continued emphasis on heavy industry
Results
Huge state bureaucracy, leading to inefficiency and indifference
Failure of collective agriculture due to lack of incentive to produce

15. Resistance to Soviet Control
How did countries resist Soviet control? What was the Soviet response to resistance?
Country
Resistance
Reaction
Poland
1956: Protests lead to reform in the Polish Communist Party.
Poles fear Soviet response, pledge loyalty.
Hungary
1956: Hungarian protests lead to party reforms. Nagy (party leader) promises free elections.
Soviet army attacks Budapest. Nagy is arrested and executed.
Czechoslovakia
1968: Dubcek introduces democratic reforms—known as the Prague Spring.
Soviet army invades Budapest and crushes reform movement.

16. Chapter 20
Lesson 3
The Asian Rim

17. Taiwan and Mainland China
How does the history of Taiwan's relations with mainland China contribute to its uncertain future?
Chiang Kai-shek is defeated by Chinese Communists.
Chiang establishes Republic of China on Taiwan.
Taiwan government claims legitimate rule over all China.
Communist government on mainland claims rule over all China, including Taiwan.
United States continues to protect Taiwan from invasion by mainland China.

18. Japan Recovers How did Japan recover from the ruins of World War II?
Allied occupation, 1945–1952
New constitution imposed
Reduction of emperor's power
Armed forces for self-defense only
Japanese constitution
Modeled on U.S. constitution
Universal suffrage
Three branches of government
Retention of elements of nineteenth-century political system

19. Japan Recovers State capitalism Active role of government in economy
Sets price and wage policies
Subsidizes industries
Establishment of ties between large companies, similar to zaibatsu
Nation's development into industrial giant
Land reform
Division of large tenant farms
Transformation of tenants into independent farmers

20. Japan Recovers Social policies
New educational system stressing individualism
Persistence of characteristics of
traditional society
Strong traditional work ethic
Continued subordination of women

21. Asian Tigers
What are the Asian Tigers, and how did they become successful?
Asian Tigers: South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong
Imitated Japan
Built successful industrial societies

22. Asian Tigers South Korea Retirement of dictator Syngman Rhee in 1960
Accession of Park Chung Hee, who ruled autocratically until 1990s
Main industries: chemicals, textiles, ships, automobiles

23. Asian Tigers Taiwan (Republic of China)
Authoritarian government ruled by refugees from mainland China
Protected militarily by United States; able to focus on economic growth
Land reform; food production doubles
Expansion of manufacturing and commerce
Death of Chiang Kai-shek in 1975 leads to the government slowly becoming more democratic

24. Asian Tigers Singapore Former British colony
Authoritarian rule creates stability for growth
Development of free-market economy
Banking, ship building, oil refineries, electronics
Citizens demanding greater political freedom in recent years

25. Asian Tigers Hong Kong Colony of Great Britain until 1997
Becomes industrial powerhouse with high standard of living
Returned to China in 1997, with guarantee of economic and political freedom