1. Graphic Organizers

2. Mind Mapping
a mind map is a diagram used to visually outline information
can be used to generate, visualize, structure, and classify ideas, and as an aid to studying and organizing information, solving problems, making decisions, and writing
has many applications such as notetaking, brainstorming, summarizing, or to sort out a complicated idea.
created around a single word or text, placed in the center, to which associated ideas, words and concepts are added.
major categories radiate from a central word, and lesser categories are sub-branches of larger branches.
categories can represent words, ideas, tasks, or other items related to a central key word or idea.
can be drawn by hand, either as "rough notes" during a lecture or meeting, for example, or as higher quality pictures when more time is available
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3. Guidelines Start in the center with an image of the topic.
Use images, symbols, and notes throughout your mind map.
Select key words and print using upper or lower case letters.
Each word/image is best alone and sitting on its own line.
The lines should be connected, starting from the central image. The central lines are thicker, organic and thinner as they radiate out from the center.
Use multiple colors (optional) throughout the mind map, for visual stimulation and also to encode or group.
Develop your own personal style of mind mapping.
Use emphasis and show associations in your mind map.
Keep the mind map clear by using radial hierarchy, numerical order or outlines to embrace your branches.
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5. Concept Mapping
a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts….ie visualizing relationships among different concepts
a graphical tool that designers, engineers, technical writers, and others use to organize and structure knowledge.
typically represents ideas and information as boxes or circles, which it connects with labeled arrows in a downward-branching hierarchical structure.
linking lines can include phrases such as “causes”, “requires”, or “contributes to”
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6. Guidelines
Identify the general/broad topic that you are interested in.
Brainstorm on the general topic and list all the concepts and themes
write the main theme in the center of the page….OR… set up “parking lot” using post it notes and arrange the concepts
Take the other concepts identified in the brainstorming and connect them to the center concept.
You can use other organizational patterns such as branches, arrows or groups. More important ideas should be put nearer to the center and less important ones closer to the edge. Identify the relationship between the concepts.
look at the organizational patterns to see if the pieces fit together and make sense and if there is anything missing. Refine the Concept Map
Look for new relations and further refine
Finalize the Concept Map
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8. MIND MAPPING CONCEPT MAPPING
commonly used to visually outline information
tends to be more flexible and personal than concept maps
fix on a single conceptual center…one word or idea
techniques for visualizing ideas, processes, organizations
connect multiple words or ideas
makes concepts the central elements in the structure
commonly used to organize and represent knowledge
can be a map, a system view, of a system or set of concepts
often restricted to radial hierarchies (order) and tree structures
are used to slice and dice the map’s central topic or concept in multiple ways
reflects what you think about a single topic
usually contain general concepts at the top of the map, with more specific concepts arranged hierarchically (orderly) below.
typically have text labels on their connecting lines/arms
based on connections between concepts in more diverse patterns
spontaneity and speed is key
may contain images and color, to make them more visually stimulating
more free form, as multiple hubs and clusters can be created,
topics in mind maps may only have one parent; in a concept map
topics may be cross-linked with each other to depict relationships between topics
a topic may have multiple connector lines, each one representing a different relationship.
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9. Fishbone Chart
Fishbone diagrams, or cause-and-effect diagrams, are causal diagrams that show the causes of a specific event. Common uses are for product design and quality defect prevention, to identify potential factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are usually grouped into major categories to identify these sources of variation.
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10. Fishbone Categories People: anyone involved with the process
Methods: how the process is performed and the specific requirements for doing it, such as policies, procedures, rules, regulations and laws
Machines: any equipment, computers, tools, etc. required to accomplish the job
Materials: raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc. used to produce the final product
Measurements: data generated from the process that are used to evaluate its quality
Environment: conditions, such as location, time, temperature, and culture in which the process operates
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12. Hierarchical Organization Chart
an organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinate to a single other entity.
the hierarchy usually consists of a singular/group of power at the top with subsequent levels of power beneath them.
dominant mode of organization among large organizations
Includes most corporations, governments, and organized religions
is typically visualized as a pyramid, tree or triangle diagram
height of the ranking and the width represents how many people or business divisions
highest-ranking people are at the apex, and there are very few of them
he base may include subordinates.
those nearest the top have more power than those nearest the bottom,
superiors in a hierarchy generally have higher status and command greater rewards
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