1. Foreign and domestic tensions and issues
COLD WAR
Foreign and domestic tensions and issues

2. Cold War,
A series of conflicts, compromises, and competitions between the capitalist US and the communist Soviet Union to influence other countries into allying with one side or the other

3. Satellite nations
Countries in Eastern Europe under Soviet control

4. containment
Trying to restrict the expansion of Soviet communism

6. Baruch Plan, 1946
Call for special international agency with the authority to inspect any country’s atomic-energy plants

7. Atomic Energy Act, 1946
Created the Atomic Energy Commission to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime use of atomic energy

8. Truman Doctrine, 1947
Policy of supporting people who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or by outside pressures

9. CIA Central Intelligence Agency Created in 1947
Gathers information secretly
Still active today

10. Marshall Plan, 1948
European Recovery Program in which the US provided billions of dollars in economic aid for Europe to prevent the spread of communism

11. Berlin Airlift, June 1948-May 1949
US, England, and France planned to combine their German zones
SU was angry and blocked all entry into Berlin
Western leaders airlifted food and supplies to Berlin for 10 months

13. NATO, 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Military alliance originally formed by democratic nations
Now includes some former Soviet bloc nations

14. Warsaw Pact, 1955—Soviet response to NATO; USSR created a military alliance with other communist countries

15. China becomes Communist under Mao Zedong in 1949

16. brinkmanship Using the threat of massive military retaliation
going to the brink of war in order to stop communism from spreading

17. Korean War
US enters a war in Korea, ; country eventually divided along 38th parallel between communist and anti-communist forces

18. U-2 incident, 1960
Francis Gary Powers was shot down by the SU while spying
Heightened tensions between the US and SU

19. Meanwhile…
On the Home Front…

20. House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Investigated people who might be against the government, particularly communists

21. Hollywood Ten, 1947
People in Hollywood who refused to testify before HUAC and were jailed and later blacklisted

22. Internal Security Act, 1950
Communist Party members must register with the government
Strict controls on immigrants suspected of being communists

23. Joseph McCarthy, 1950
Claimed he had a list of supposed communists in the State Department
Ruined many careers

24. Hydrogen bomb 1952 (US), 1953 (SU)
Much more powerful than the atomic bomb
First test vaporized an entire island

25. Alger Hiss, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Hiss—jailed in 1950 for supposedly being a Soviet spy and lying under oath
Rosenbergs—executed in 1953 for selling secrets to the Soviets

26. Sputnik, 1957 First satellite launched into space By Soviet Union
Heightened the space race

27. National Defense Education Act
Passed in 1958 in response to Sputnik
Money for training in science, math and languages

28. NASA
Established in 1958
National Aeronautics and Space Administration

30. Other notable Cold War events
Castro comes to power in Cuba, 1959
Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961
Berlin Wall,
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1972
Glasnost, perestroika; “tear down this wall”—Reagan to Gorbachev
Fall of Berlin Wall, 1989; Fall of the Soviet Union, 1991