1. What is a hydrocarbon?
Why are alkanes considered to be saturated?
Name two gases that cause acid rain
Name the first 3 alkanes, give their formulae and draw their structure.
Why is crude oil called a mixture?
C1.4 Crude oil and Fuels
What process is used to separate crude oil?
What is the general formula for an alkane?
Give 2 examples of biofuels.
Give the formula for the following molecule
For alkanes, describe how the following properties of a molecule change with increasing size:
■ boiling point
■ viscosity
■ flammability
What type of bonding occurs in alkanes?
Describe how fractional distillation can be used to separate crude oil.
What are particulates?
What are the advantages of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels?
What dangerous gas is produced when a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen? Why is it dangerous?
What is the name used to describe the reaction between an element and oxygen to form an oxide?
What is a biofuel?
Why are carbon dioxide and water produced when an alkane burns?
Write word and symbol equations for the combustion of propane.
Give a disadvantage of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels?
Give an environmental consequence of:
Carbon dioxide
Particulates

2. What is a hydrocarbon?
Compound made of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
Why are alkanes considered to be saturated?
They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible per molecule
Name two gases that cause acid rain
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Name the first 3 alkanes, give their formulae and draw their structure.
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H8
Propane C3H10
Why is crude oil called a mixture?
It contains many different hydrocarbons that are not chemically bonded to each other.
Crude oil and Fuels
What process is used to separate crude oil?
Fractional distillation
What is the general formula for an alkane? CnH2n + 2
Give 2 examples of biofuels.
Biodiesel
Ethanol
Give the formula for the following molecule
C6H14
For alkanes, describe how the following properties of a molecule change with increasing size:
■ boiling point
Bigger molecules have higher bps
■ viscosity
Bigger molecules are more viscous
■ flammability
Bigger molecules are harder to light
What type of bonding occurs in alkanes?
Covalent
Describe how fractional distillation can be used to separate crude oil.
Crude oil is evaporated
The gases are condensed at different temperatures
Larger molecules collect first at base of column (higher temperatures)
What are particulates?
Small solid particles of soot and unburnt hydrocarbons
What are the advantages of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels?
Renewable
Uses plant waste
Less pollution
What dangerous gas is produced when a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen? Why is it dangerous?
Carbon monoxide
Prevents transport of oxygen in the blood
What is the name used to describe the reaction between an element and oxygen to form an oxide?
Oxidation
What is a biofuel?
Fuel made from plant matter
Why are carbon dioxide and water produced when an alkane burns?
The hydrogen and carbon in the fuel react with oxygen in the air.
Write word and symbol equations for the combustion of propane.
Propane + Oxygen Carbon + Water
Dioxide
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
Give a disadvantage of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels?
Uses crops that could be food / require lots of land
Give an environmental consequence of:
Carbon dioxide
Global warming
Particulates
Global dimming