1. Data Types and Structures
SOFTWARE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

2. INTRODUCTION
Computer programs of all types (games, business applications, apps on your phone, bespoke systems, websites) store and manipulate data
Text, whole numbers, decimal numbers and true/false

3. DATA TYPES AND STRUCTURES
The Course Support Notes for Higher Computing Science state that you should have knowledge and understanding of the following:
string
numeric (integer and real values)
Boolean variables
1-D arrays, records
sequential files (open, create, read, write and close)

4. Simple Data Types BOOLEAN
A BOOLEAN can have one of two values at any one time:
True or False
Stored using a single bit which is on (True) or off (False)

5. Simple Data Types CHARACTER
A CHARACTER is a single character from the keyboard or other input device
Stored using ASCII or Unicode

6. Simple Data Types INTEGER
An INTEGER is a numerical value which has no decimal point
An INTEGER can be positive or negative including zero
e.g. 7, -89, 0, 4000
Stored using two’s compliment notation

7. Simple Data Types
REAL
A REAL is a numerical value which includes a decimal point
e.g , -89.4, 0.004
Stored using floating point notation which uses an exponent and a mantissa

8. Simple Data Types STRING
A STRING is a collection of characters taken for example from the keyboard
e.g. “Mr Ross”, “table”, telephone number ( )
Stored as a ‘special’ sort of array of characters

9. Simple Data Types: How would you store the following?
Runners name
Runners time
Runner qualified
Runners class (e.g. A, B or C)
STRING
REAL
BOOLEAN
CHARACTER

10. CANDY CRUSH

11. EBAY app

12. RBS APP

13. Activities
Complete Activities 1, 2 and 3 of the Data Types and Structures Worksheet

14. PROGRAMMING TASK
Working with a partner, complete Activity 1 of the Data Types and Structures Programs sheet.

15. DATA TYPES AND STRUCTURES
The Course Support Notes for Higher Computing Science state that you should have knowledge and understanding of the following:
string
numeric (integer and real values)
Boolean variables
1-D arrays, records
sequential files (open, create, read, write and close)

16. Storing lots of data of a single type
Most software applications require large amounts of data to be stored.
It is not practical to give every item of data a unique variable

17. Storing lots of data of a single type(cont)
We use a structure called an ARRAY to store a number of items of the same data type.
Programs access items in an array via a single identifier and an index into the array.
Array
Index

18. DECLARING AN ARRAY IN VISUAL BASIC
An array is declared in a very similar manner to a standard variable declaration
Only difference is that you also specify the number of elements you want in your array

19. Storing lots of data of a single type(cont)
Consider the following array of strings
names: John Paula Kevin Andrea Ian
(0) (1) (2) (3) (4)
Each element in the array can be referred to using the array name with the index in brackets after the name
e.g. names(1) refers to Paula
names(4) refers to Ian

20. Storing lots of data of a single type(cont)
names John Paula Kevin Andrea Ian
(0) (1) (2) (3) (4)
A FOR loop could be used to print out the array above
FOR counter FROM 0 TO 4 DO
SEND names[counter] TO DISPLAY
END FOR

21. String (a special sort of array)
A STRING is just a special sort of array
A STRING is an array of CHARACTERS
Some programming languages let you access the contents of a string like an array:
SET newString TO “This is a string of characters”
SEND newString[8] TO DISPLAY

22. Structured Data Types: How would you store the following?
ARRAY of STRING
ARRAY OF REAL
ARRAY OF BOOLEAN
List of runners names
List of runners times
List of runners who qualified

23. ActivitY
Complete Activity 4 of the Data Types and Structures Worksheet.

25. Storing more than one type of related data
Parallel Arrays:
SET runners TO [“Fred”, “John”, “Sophie”, “Anne”, “Mike”]
SET times TO [4.32, 4.56, 4.31, 5.01, 4.45]
SET qualified TO [true, false, true, false, true]
Sophie’s details: runners[2], times[2] and qualified[2]
You could use a FOR loop to process all 5 records

26. DATA TYPES AND STRUCTURES
The Course Support Notes for Higher Computing Science state that you should have knowledge and understanding of the following:
string
numeric (integer and real values)
Boolean variables
1-D arrays, records
sequential files (open, create, read, write and close)

27. Storing in a record
A more intuitive way to store related data is in a record
A record stores all the details of a single runner together
Store all runners details in an array of records
STRUCTURE runner IS RECORD {STRING name, REAL time, BOOLEAN qualified}
SET runner[0] TO {name = “Fred”, time = 4.32, qualified = True}
SET runner[1] TO {name = “John”, time = 4.56, qualified = False}

28. Activity
Please complete Activity 5 of the Data Types and Structures Worksheet.

30. In application storage
The majority, if not all, applications which you are familiar with using will contain data stored in records

31. In application storage (game)

32. ADVANTAGES OF RECORDS
Records can keep data together in a structured way.
When storing lists of data about a person or thing, it makes sure that the data is held together and identified as a single item in the program.

33. Records in VB
A user defined data type:

34. DOT NOTATION
Records use dot notation, so each element of the record is accessed by giving the record's name followed by a dot and the element of the record.

35. An array of records in VB

36. In application storage (Database)

37. Visual Basic setup
Toolbox
Error List
Default File Saving Location

38. Create a STRUCTURE, POPULATE AND PRINT
Using Visual Basic:
Create a Structure to store data of the types shown below
Create an array of enough size of the type of that Structure
Populate the array with the following data
Print the data to the screen

39. Write a program to store the CAMERA data in an ARRAY OF A structure and display it in a listbox

40. Modify the program to allow you TO change the details of an entry IN THE LIST BOX AND DISPLAY IT AGAIN
TIP: YOU CAN USE LISTBOX.SELECTEDINDEX to GET THE INDEX OF THE SELECTED ITEM