1. Students will write their letter to the editor in response to the following prompt:
Should vaccines be federally enforced or should they be a person’s free choice?

2. Reasons FOR having federally forced vaccines
Reasons AGAINST having federally forced vaccines
p.1 Kids will miss school and be alienated by the public
p people “could have been” exposed to measles…there is no proof that there really were 1000 people exposed to measles
p.2 the disease was vanquished for 15 years meaning it works
p. 5 non-vaccinated people could wear masks to protect the public
p. 1 people will harass people who are now seen as “negligent and criminal” and may lead to bullying
p.7 there is no reason to get them according to a chiropractor and mom
p.3 Doctors are considering changing policies regarding non-vaccinated people which could prevent needed health care
p.6 even though kids got whooping cough and chicken pox, they’re ok even without having the vaccines against them
P2. Measles spreads quickly and is highly contagious
p.8 eating well was enough to avoid needing to see a doctor
p.7 unvaccinated kids miss weeks of school and fall behind
p medical journal suggested there was a link between vaccines and autism
p.8 kids missed two weeks of advanced placement classes which could cause them to fall behind
p.10 religious beliefs go against them (amish)
p report of a link between autism and vaccines was proven fraudulent and was retracted
P10. People have a right to live “all-natural” lives if they want to
p. 11 not getting the vaccine is going back words for society
p.12 kids can get medical help without harming the public by communicating through the web, pics, and phones
p.11 kids shouldn’t have to suffer when there is a way to avoid suffering
p.18 the vaccine is only 95% effective so why take the risk in case you will be part of the 5% who will still get it and then become autistic too
p.13 doctors vaccinate their own kids so it is safe
P25 the M.M.R. vaccine (for mumps, rubella) may cause autism
p.13 unvaccinated families might face discrimination from the public
p.26 it’s the worst shot out there that one can get
p.14 doctors are considering dropping unvaccinated patients
P31 it would take away a free right and cause innocent people to be imprisoned for sticking to the first amendment rights of free choice
p.18 babies and the elderly are at risk for becoming ill with measles because they’re too young or too immunologically frail to get the shot…this can turn deadly
p.32 these people would not be alone since there are several communities and thousands of people who do not get vaccinated
p.21 measles causes uncomfortable rashes so why take the risk
p.33 pharmaceutical companies have an agenda to make money so that’s what this is really about
p.28 disease is exploding, therefore highly contagious
p.33 vaccines would hinder the desire to live an organic life style
p.34 there is no need to put so many toxins in the kids body
p.37 there is no reason to conform with the general population in a country that prides itself on diversity
20 minutes to write letter

3. Thesis: Vaccinations need to be federally mandated and enforced for several reasons such as it’s a public health concern and unvaccinated students will fall drastically behind in school.
Paragraph One
1. First Point: (include in first sentence)
Dear Editor,
We must federally mandate that all people living in America, especially here in Hawaii, have to get vaccinated because it is a public safety concern.
2. Provide different perspective on issue:
While it is true that unvaccinated individuals can hibernate in their homes and wear masks when out in public…
2. Refute or Support specific statements:
 …it is still an incredibly dangerous disease and should not be taken lightly.
3. Support your facts: (include documentation but not too much)
  In an article called “Vaccine Critics Turn Defensive Over Measles”, journalists Jack Healy and Michael Paulson, of the New York Times, declared that the measles are a “highly contagious disease…[that can spread] thousands of miles beyond its center….” (Healy, Paulson). This means that no matter how many precautions one takes, this disease can turn lethal, therefore must be halted in its tracks immediately!
Address relevant facts that are ignored:
What some people may not realize is that if we do not stop this horrifying disease, we may end up with an unprecedented amount of deaths, much like the death toll caused by the bubonic plague during the dark ages. (Hyperbole)
Concluding sentence
For these reasons, shouldn’t we all stand up for one another? Shouldn’t we all look out for the well being of the vulnerable and weak? It is our civil duty to be vaccinated because the safety of families everywhere depends on it!
Hyperbole-the use of extravagant overstatement that can work to move the audience to accept the basic claim even if they reject the extremes of the word choice…the key element is that the statement or claim is extreme.

4. Letter #2
To the Editor:
Re “Vaccine Critics Turn Defensive Over Measles” (front page, Jan. 31):
I am pro-vaccine. As of now, my 11-month-old daughter is completely immunized. Vaccines save countless lives and prevent serious diseases. However, after careful consideration, many discussions with physicians and lots of research, my husband and I have chosen to delay our daughter’s M.M.R. vaccine (measles, mumps and rubella) until after she turns 3. I think that there are not enough adequate studies available to prove that the M.M.R. is safe. It is the most highly reactive vaccine on the schedule, and its list of side effects is long.
I am disappointed that this article portrays parents who choose not to administer the M.M.R. to their children as hippies who use essential oils and must meditate on their decision. This may be the case for this particular subculture interviewed, but there are others who question it as well: professional, well-educated, pro-vaccine parents who are simply looking for clear safety evidence for this one particular shot.
The M.M.R. vaccine clearly warrants further investigation, especially now, with a senior scientist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, William Thompson, claiming that findings of high rates of autism in African-American boys who received the vaccine were withheld.
KIM KROONENBURG
Brooklyn

5. Unit 3.13
Fallacies

6. Fallacy- a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument

7. Logical Fallacies: Errors in reasoning
Hasty generalization: leaping to a
conclusion or assumption based on only a
few occasions
Sam is riding her bike in her home town in Maine, minding her own business. A station wagon comes up behind her and the driver starts beeping his horn and then tries to force her off the road. As he goes by, the driver yells "get on the sidewalk where you belong!" Sam sees that the car has Ohio plates and concludes that all Ohio drivers are jerks.
Smith, who is from England, decides to attend graduate school at Ohio State University. He has never been to the US before. The day after he arrives, he is walking back from an orientation session and sees two white (albino) squirrels chasing each other around a tree. In his next letter home, he tells his family that American squirrels are white.

8. Logical Fallacies: Errors in reasoning
Post hoc: a casual fallacy in which a person assumes one thing caused another simply because it happened prior to the other.
I had been doing pretty poorly this season. Then my girlfriend gave me this neon laces for my spikes and I won my next three races. Those laces must be good luck...if I keep on wearing them I can't help but win!
Bill purchases a new PowerMac and it works fine for months. He then buys and installs a new piece of software. The next time he starts up his Mac, it freezes. Bill concludes that the software must be the cause of the freeze.
Joan is scratched by a cat while visiting her friend. Two days later she comes down with a fever. Joan concludes that the cat's scratch must be the cause of her illness.

9. Emotive Fallacies: Replacing Logic With Emotional Manipulation
“Argument” from outrage: When the emotions of anger, hatred, or rage are substituted for evidence in an argument. Scapegoating or blaming a certain group of people or a single person for something.

10. Emotive Fallacies: Replacing Logic With Emotional Manipulation
Ad baculum, or scare tactics: using fear in place of logic in an attempt to scare people into rejecting the person or thing, despite there being no evidence to support the claim

11. Rhetorical Fallacies: Sidestepping Logic with Language
Ad hominem/genetic fallacy: attacks against a person rather than the ideas the person presents.
Ad hominem/genetic fallacy

12. Rhetorical Fallacies: Sidestepping Logic with Language
Slippery slope: half appeal to fear and half a casual fallacy. Its when a person suggests that one action will lead to an inevitable and undesirable outcome.
"We have to stop the tuition increase! The next thing you know, they'll be charging $40,000 a semester!"
"You can never give anyone a break. If you do, they'll walk all over you."

13. Group Work
In groups of four you will work to complete the following questions. Take out one piece of paper for the whole group. Answer the questions thoroughly and completely. Be prepared to share your answers. Each group will share their answers to one question. This is due at the end of class.
Why are fallacies so common in our political discourse? Which ones are most common and why?
Why are fallacies so powerful—and so dangerous?
Why might you choose to use a fallacy—or rhetorical slanters—in a letter or speech? What would be the pros and cons of doing so?
How does the use of fallacies affect the ethos of a writer or speaker?
What is the relationship between considering your audience and deciding whether to use fallacious appeals or slanters?

14. 1. Why are fallacies so common in our political discourse
1. Why are fallacies so common in our political discourse? Which ones are most common and why? Slippery slope, ad hominem/genetic fallacy, scare tactics/ad baculum, “argument” from outrage” What is this slide inferring? What is the message?

15. Which president does this add support. Which type of fallacy is it
Which president does this add support? Which type of fallacy is it? Ad hominem/genitic fallacy,

16. 2. Why are fallacies so powerful and so dangerous
2. Why are fallacies so powerful and so dangerous? What can they do to the American public? Get people to believe in false information, get people to make uninformed and uneducated decisions, can stir up emotions of anger

17. Pros of using fallacies or Slanters in a letter or speech
Cons of using fallacies or Slanters in a letter or speech
3. Why might you choose to use a fallacy-or rhetorical slanters-in a letter or speech? What would be the pros and cons of doing so?

18. Pros of using fallacies or Slanters in a letter or speech
Cons of using fallacies or Slanters in a letter or speech
Easier to persuade an audience to side with what you are arguing
You are misleading the audience and providing false facts and information
Used to make the opposing views unimportant, dangerous and simply ridiculous
You may deceive someone to make a life-threatening decision
It’s a way to gain control and power
It is dishonest and will taint your reputable image
3. Why might you choose to use a fallacy-or rhetorical slanters-in a letter or speech? What would be the pros and cons of doing so?

19. 4. How does the use of fallacies affect the ethos of a writer or speaker? Ethos is an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader. The character of these people suggests they are credible, therefore whatever they’re selling or promoting must be TRUE

20. ANTI-SCHOOL UNIFORMS PRO SCHOOL UNIFORMS
If your audience is against school uniforms then you will know to use Slanters/fallacies to help win the people who are for them over to your side…
EX: If you make us wear school uniforms then we will loose our sense of identity and we will all be like ants following the leader.
PRO SCHOOL UNIFORMS
If your audience is for school uniforms then you will know how to use Slanters/fallacies to help win the people who are against them over to your side…
EX: If you don’t accept school uniforms then kids will only care about what is on the outside and not what is on the inside.
example of SLIPPERY SLOPE What is the relationship between considering your audience and deciding whether to use fallacious appeals or slanters? Use the pros and cons of a debatable situation to figure out how to compose your slanter or fallacy

21. Which fallacy is this an example of?
LOGICAL FALLACY -- Hasty generalization: leaping to a conclusion or assumption based on only a few occasions

22. RHETORICAL FALLACY--Slippery slope: half appeal to fear and half a casual fallacy. Its when a person suggests that one action will lead to an inevitable and undesirable

23. EMOTIVE FALLACY--Ad baculum, or scare tactics: using fear in place of logic in an attempt to scare people into rejecting the person or thing, despite there being no evidence to support the claim

24. LOGICAL FALLACY--Post hoc: a casual fallacy in which a person assumes one thing caused another simply because it happened prior to the other

25. EMOTIVE FALLACY--“Argument” from outrage: When the emotions of anger, hatred, or rage are substituted for evidence in an argument. Scapegoating or blaming a certain group of people or a single person for something.

26. RHETORICAL FALLACY--Ad hominem/genetic fallacy: attacks against a person rather than the ideas the person presents.

27. Slippery slope

28. Argument from outrage

29. Hasty generalization

30. Post hoc

31. Ad hominem/genetic fallacy

32. Ad hominem/genetic fallacy

33. Ad baculum, or scare tactics

34. Slippery slope

35. Argument from outrage

36. I had been doing pretty poorly this season
I had been doing pretty poorly this season. Then my girlfriend gave me yellow shoe laces for my running shoes and I won my next three races. Those laces must be good luck...if I keep on wearing them I can't help but win!
Post hoc

37. Ad baculum, or scare tactics

38. Slippery slope

39. Hasty generalization

40. Scare tactics

41. Post hoc

42. Genetic fallacy

43. Slippery slope

44. Hasty generalization

45. Exit Pass
Choose one of the types of fallacies we’ve studied today and write an original example in response to the following debatable topic:
“Hawaii’s oceans are over-fished. It is vital that we set up regulations allowing for “commercial fishermen” ONLY, to be able to fish, in order to supply tourists with meals and keep our economy booming.”