1. Basic Chemistry
Ch 6.1

2. A. Learn elements #1-20
B. All atoms
1. Protons
2. Neutrons
3. Electrons

4. Neutral atoms vs. ions
Analogy

5. E. Isotopes: (iso = same)
1. Carbon 12—Carbon 13—Carbon 14
2. # of protons = 6 for all
# of neutrons = different
(how many?? mass # - # protons)

6. 4. Examples:
A. C-14 is radioac. (C-12 stable)
used for carbon dating
half life is 5730 years
B. He-3 is radioac (He-4 stable)
12.3 yr half life

8. F. Compound: fixed ratio of elements
1. Ex: a. water is always H2O not H3O+ or H4O
b. salt is always NaCl not Na2Cl or NaCl2

9. 2. Iced tea can have:
10 parts water, 1 part tea, 1 part sugar OR
10 parts water, 2 part tea, 0 part sugar
10 part water, 2 part tea, 10 part sugar
so...NOT a COMPOUND!

10. G. Chemical bonds-#8 (#2)
1. Covalent
2. Ionic

13. Molecules *covalent
I. Complex molecules (will learn more in 6.4)

15. J. Van der Waals forces:
(particularly hydrogen bonds)
1. Attraction between molecules
with positive/negative regions
2. Think Mickey Mouse:
face is negative--ears are positive

16. 3. Now think water:
ears (H) of one are attracted to face (O) of another and vice versa
4. apply it to cohesion:
capillary action --- analogy:
barrel of monkeys!!

19. Apply it to surface tension of water:

21. “Does water (and their hydrogen bonds)
behave the same way in space?” you ask.