1. Glycolysis

2. Metabolic Rx Many metabolic enzymes need coenzymes to function
Common coenzymes: NAD, FAD, Coenzyme A, ATP
These are nucleotide molecules
accept/deliver electrons for redox reactions
accept/delivers phosphates to generate ATP

3. NAD – Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

4. ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate

5. ATP Energy currency of the cell
Energy is stored between negatively charged phosphates
Rechargeable battery ADP + P → ATP

6. Coupled Rx Writing in Metabolism
Dehydrogenase Enzyme Alcohol Aldehyde Substrate is oxidized NAD NADH Coenzyme is reduced

7. Glycolysis Pathway of 10 interconnected enzyme Rx
Initial substrate: glucose
Final product: pyruvate
Most ancient metabolic pathway, evolved before O2 levels were high and therefore….
does not need O2, does not produce CO2
Takes place in the cytosol of cells
has an energy investing phase (activation E) and energy yielding phase

8. Energy Summary of Glycolysis
Per glucose molecule:
Energy investing phase: -2 ATP invested/1 glucose
Energy yielding phase: +4ATP
Net yield ATP
Low net yield:
only 2 mole ATP/1 mole glucose!!!

9. Net Rx of Glycolysis 1 Glucose + 2 ATP + 2ADP + 2P + 2NAD →
2 Pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O

10. Warm-up Methandiol Methanoic Acid
Rewrite the Rx with molecular structures
Rewrite the Rx and add NAD/NADH coupled coenzyme arrow
Rewrite the Rx as a Redox Rx (integrate the coupled arrow into the Rx)

11. Glycolysis
Crashcourse Overview respiration