1. Metabolic Pathways & Energy Production Chapter 18
DE Chemistry – King William High School
Metabolic Pathways & Energy Production Chapter 18

2. Metabolism
Chemical reactions and substances that provide energy for cell growth
2 types:
1. catabolic reaction – complex molecules are broken down and release energy
2. anabolic reaction – use energy to build large molecules from smaller molecules

3. Catabolic reactions Stage 1: Digestion
polysaccharides  monosaccharides
fats  glycerol & fatty acids
proteins  amino acids
**products go into bloodstream for transport to cells
Stage 2:
digestion product 2 & 3 carbon cmpds
**pyruvate & acetyl-CoA

4. Catabolic reactions Stage 3:
*acetyl-CoA is oxidized in the citric acid cycle
*production of energy in mitochondria
* products of citric acid cycle (NADH & FADH2) are transferred to electron transport to make ATP (as long as there is enough oxygen in the cells)

5. 3 Stages of Catabolism

6. Animal cell

7. ATP & Energy
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is released as energy from the oxidation of food

8. ATP Hydrolysis

9. ADP hydrolysis ADP + H2O  AMP + Pi + 34 kJ
Catabolic reactions are energy producing
ADP Pi kJ  ATP H2O
Anabolic reactions are energy requiring (stored ATP hydrolyzes to produce energy)

10. Digestion of carbohydrates

11. Digestion of fats

12. Digestion of proteins

13. NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oxidizing agent
Accepts electrons to become NADH
Reacts with alcohols to produce aldehydes and NADH

14. NAD+

15. FAD Flavin adenine dinucleotide Contains ADP Used in the citric
acid cycle

16. Coenzyme A
Prepares small acyl groups for reactions with enzymes

17. Glycolysis

18. Glycolysis Anaerobic (no oxygen involved) Glucose  2 pyruvate
Occurs in cytoplasm
Nets 2 ATP & 2 NADH

19. Overall reaction for glycolysis

20. Pyruvate
Aerobic conditions – pyruvate is converted to acetyl-coenzyme A
Anaerobic conditions – pyruvate is converted to lactate

21. Citric acid cycle

22. Citric acid cycle products
2 carbon dioxides
3 NADH & 3H+
1 FADH2
1 GTP (1 ATP)
1 CoA

23. Electron Transport

24. Oxidative Phosp
Proton pump – H+ (protons) concentration goes up, pH goes down…makes an electrochemical gradient
Protons must move through ATP synthase in order to get back into the matrix
When protons move through ATP synthase…energy is generated (ADP  ATP)

25. ATP Production

26. Oxidation of fatty acids
Produces lots of energy
Occurs in the mitochondria
Produces acetyl-CoA
# of Cs determines
how much energy is produced

27. ATP energy from amino acids
About 10% of our energy

28. Whoomp here it is…