1. Aim #39: How is DNA transcribed and translated?
Date: January 6th, 2017
Aim #39: How is DNA transcribed and translated?
HW:
Daily Review of class notes.
“All About DNA” worksheet
Do Now:
Why must DNA replicate itself before cell division?
Briefly describe the three steps of cell division.
What is the final product of DNA replication?
What molecules are needed for all chemical reactions?

2. Aim #39- How is DNA transcribed and translated?

3. Introduction to Protein Synthesis (~3 minutes)

4. .. / .-.. --- ...- . / _... .. __ _ Morse Code 1st Copy code
.. /  .-.. --- ...- . /  _ __ _
1st Copy code
2nd Translate code .
dot
short sound -
dash
long sound

5. Replication is not DNA’s only job!
Coded copy
change

6. Transcription & Translation
1) Transcription- DNA  RNA
2) Translation- RNA amino acids (protein)

7. 3) Central Dogma
Sequence of bases in DNA contain code for making proteins
Proteins determine
our appearance (traits) &
functioning of our cells.

8. 1 Gene = 1 Protein

9. Where in the cell do they happen?
Cytoplasm
(ribosome)
4) Nucleus

10. 6) First the genetic code needs to get TRANSCRIBED into mRNA:
The DNA base sequence needs to get copied into messenger RNA

11. 7) Why do we need a copy of the DNA?
The DNA are the main instructions found in the nucleus, they can not leave the nucleus.
Why not?
Too large!

12. 8) How is DNA transcribed into mRNA?G-
RNA
One side of the DNA molecule is the template U A G C
Transcription
enzyme

13. Is mRNA an identical copy of DNA?

14. Can you tell the difference?

15. 9) DNA vs RNA Description Sugar Bases Function RNA DNA Single helix
Double helix
Sugar – Deoxyribose
Bases:
Adenine – Thymine
Guanine – Cytosine
Main set of instructions
RNA
Single helix
Sugar – Ribose
Bases:
Adenine – Uracil
Guanine – Cytosine
Copy of instructions
Description
Sugar
Bases
Function

16. 10) Is transcription the same as replication?
Transcription – coded copy of DNA to be used to make proteins.
Replication - an identical copy of DNA to be given to new cells

17. 11) Second, the mRNA code needs to get TRANSLATED into a protein
The mRNA copy needs to get changed into an
amino acid sequence

18. 12) How many mRNA bases = 1 amino acid?
codon
Amino acid
Codon (3 mRNA bases) = 1 amino acid

19. Use the chart to translate the codon
UUU =
ACA =
CAC =
GGG=
AGA=
CAG=

20. 13) Steps of protein synthesis:
DNA bases get copied into mRNA (transcription)
Occurs in nucleus
mRNA leaves nucleus and travels to cytoplasm
Codon sequences determine amino acid sequences (translation)
Occurs at ribosome
Protein product is synthesized

23. What did we learn? What are the two jobs of DNA?
How is replication different from transcription?
What are the steps of protein synthesis?
Compare transcription and translation.
How is DNA different from mRNA?

24. DNA Bingo = DINGO DNA / mRNA / Amino Acid TAC CCA TTA AAC CTT TTT GCA
AGC
TAG
CAT
AAA
AGA
ACT
AUG -MET (START)
GGU – GLY
AAU – ASP
UUG – LEU
GAA – GLU
AAA – LYS
CGU - ARG
UCG – CYS
AUC – ISO
GUA - VAL
UUU – PHE
UCU – SER
UGA – STOP