1. Industrial Revolution

2. 1750 – Before Revolution The way clothes were made – textile making
Women spinners spun wool or flax (a plant)
This made yarn (thread)
Men wove the yarn into cloth
Tailors made cloth into diff clothes
So, spinning weaving clothes
This was done at home

3. Cottage industry Wives worked downstairs, spinning
Women used spinning-wheel
Men worked upstairs, weaving
Men used a hand loom to weave ‘hanks’ of yarn into cloth
Called the domestic system
Also called the ‘cottage industry’
When population increased, greater demand for more clothes

4. Inventions for spinning
James Hargreaves – spinning jenny
Could spin 8 threads at once
Richard Arkwright invented water frame
Didn’t need people to spin anymore
It was a water-powered machine – 100s of thread at once

5. Inventions for weaving
John Kay – Flying Shuttle
Doubled the speed of weaving
Edmund Cartwright – power loom
Used steam power to weave cloth
People not needed to do the weaving

6. Factories But these machines big and expensive
People couldn’t afford them
So big factories built by rich people
Domestic system people could not compete
Had to come and work in the factories
Got a lot less money for this

7. Steam Engine Most important invention of Industrial Rev
Newcomen invented a steam engine
Used to pump water out of flooded mines
But James Watt in 1763 used the steam engine to turn a wheel
Crucial

8. How it works coal burns – produces steam
steam v high pressure – think of a kettle
pressure creates energy – used to pull a wheel
now steam engines were used to work factory machines
will also be used to drive trains and ships

9. Coal Vital to Indus rev now – why? Needed to drive the steam engine
Coal mines around Britain – cities set up round them
One reason why indust rev starts in Britain

10. Iron - 1 Iron need in factories – why? Used to make the machines
Iron is found in rock – called iron ore
Needs to be separated from the rock
Burned in a blast furnace
Smelts the iron-ore

11. Iron - 2 The iron is then used to make wrought iron (easy to shape)
…or steel
But what was used to burn the furnace?
Coke
What was coke?
It was made from coal
Abraham Darby discovered how to convert coal to coke

12. Recap Hargreaves – Spinning Jenny; Arkwright – water frame
Cottage Industry in 1750 – spinning and weaving
Hargreaves – Spinning Jenny;
Arkwright – water frame
For weaving: Flying shuttle and power loom
Watt’s steam engine
Coal and iron become main raw materials