1. The Russian Revolution
1917

2. Key People and Terms Czar Nicholas II- absolute ruler of Russia
Pogrom- Violent attack on Jewish community
Duma- Russian legislature
Bolshevik- member of 1917 Russian Communist revolutionary group
Soviet- council of workers and soldiers set up by Russian Revolutionaries

3. Rasputin- “Mad Monk”; manipulated royal family of Russia
Lenin- leader of Bolshevik Party; first leader of Communist Russia or Soviet Union
Trotsky- High- ranking member of Communist Party; next in line to Lenin
Stalin- “ Man of Steel”; came to power after Lenin died and Trotsky was murdered

5. Long-term Causes Czarist Rule Corrupt Government Feudalism
Peasant Unrest
Ethnic Tensions and Persecution of Minority Groups Pogroms
Military defeat in Russo-Japanese War (1904)
“Bloody Sunday”

6. Bloody Sunday
Peaceful marchers gathered in St. Petersburg to ask the Czar to reform the government
Fearing an uprising, Czar Nicholas II ordered soldiers to fire on the crowd
Many Russians turned against the Czar

7. Revolution of 1905
After Bloody Sunday, strikes and revolts swept across country. Fearing he would lose his power, Czar Nicholas II gave into the demands of the people.

8. Results of 1905 Revolution
Czar issues “October Manifesto” granting reforms and freedoms
Czar sets up the Duma, a legislature (lawmaking body), but then dissolves it when they disagree with him continues pogroms and issues laws to take power away from the Duma

9. Immediate Causes of Revolution of 1917
Lack of Industrialization
Involvement in WWI
Shortage of weapons and supplies
Embarrassing defeats
Shortages of food, fuel, and housing
Manipulation of Czarina Alexandra by Rasputin Russians don’t trust her (She’s also German) textbook

10. Bolsheviks Promised Peace, Land, and Bread
Promised to rid Russia of ethnic, religious, and class discrimination
Known as the Red Army
Fought the Czar’s supporters known as the White Army
***video

11. In Reality The Bolsheviks
Established a One-Party Totalitarian Dictatorship
Outlawed religion, ended freedom of the press, and set up a secret police

12. Soviet Union
Lenin was the first leader of the Soviet Union. He quickly realized that Pure Communism wasn’t working and he introduced a New Economic Plan which included elements of capitalism. He died shortly thereafter
A power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin resulted in Trotsky’s death and Stalin became the new leader of the Soviet Union

13. Stalin
Russification- Forced all ethnic groups in Soviet Union to speak Russian and give up their own cultural practices
5 Year Plans- Industrialized Russia/ Soviet Union, but at the cost of 60 million lives
Ruled with an iron fist; dissidents were sent to forced labor camps called gulags.
Great Purge- Stalin’s Reign of Terror
Master of propaganda

16. Similarities
Ruled by absolute monarchs who used divine right to justify their rule
Corrupt government
Famine
Bread riots
Unequal land distribution- remains of feudalism
Debt from foreign wars
Queen was a foreigner from the country of the enemy
Revolution was led by radicals
Both radical groups used three word slogan to gain support of commoners

17. Similarities
Both King/ Czar and radicals used secret police and censorship to control the people
Radicals tried to get rid of their enemies with a reign of terror
Religion was outlawed under the leadership of the radicals
Land was seized from the Church
Food was taken from farmers by the radical govt.
Both had actually experienced three revolutions
Both were taken over by dictators who promoted nationalism and imperialism to “save” other countries from corrupt leadership
Both took land and power from the nobility

18. Similarities Both faced attack from foreign powers
Both absolute monarchs were executed by the radicals
Both experienced civil war (conservatives versus nationalist radicals)
Both countries followed expansionist (imperialist) policies after the revolution and civil war
Dictators came to power at the end of revolution compromised their beliefs to stabilize the country

19. Similarities

20. Differences

21. Create a chart comparing Stalin and Robespierre
Both
Robespierre

22. Communism only worked when the government employed force could not last forever