1. Chapter 13A. The Cold War

2. The Cold War USA and Soviet Union “Cold”
Allies during WWII, soon became rivals
“Cold”
Never confronted each other directly
Threatened one another with nuclear weapons
Led to frequent conflicts on every continent.

3. Roots of the Cold War Supported democracy Supported Communism
Competing belifes of USA and USSR led to the Cold War
The United States
The Soviet Union (USSR)
Supported democracy
Wanted free enterprise to spread
Supported Communism
Wanted it to spread

4. Communism
Communism is a type of government and economic system (a way of creating and sharing wealth).
Individual people do not own land, factories, or machinery.
Instead, the government or the whole community owns these things.

5. Joseph Stalin Leader of the Soviet Union Promised a classless society
To help all workers
Created a brutal dictatorship
exercised absolute control
Opponents and critics
Arrested
Sent to gulags
Forced labor camps

6. Conference at Yalta End of WWII
Britain, USA, USSR met at Yalta to reorganize Europe
Formed the United Nations
Promotes international cooperation
Agreed to allow free elections in the countries they liberated.
Stalin never followed through.
Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

7. The Cold War Begins Soviets saw capitalist countries as a threat
Created a wall of countries as a buffer against future invasions.
Refused to give Poland free elections
Placed Communist leaders in charge
USA refused to give Soviets information about the atomic bomb
Iron Curtain
Trade between Eastern and Western Europe ended
Closed off Eastern and Western Europe
For 40 years, travel and communication was limited

8. USA’s Containment Policy
The USA watches as the USSR and Communism spread through Europe
Containment
The USA would not try to get rid of Communism where it already existed
Instead, we would would prevent Communism from spreading

9. Truman Doctrine
President Truman did not want another situation like Hitler
He wanted to stop Stalin and the spread of Communism
Truman Doctrine
Truman promised to support any country fighting Communism

10. The Marshall Plan, 1948 After WWII, much of Europe was destroyed
Truman thought desperate people might turn to Communism
Marshall Plan
Created by George Marshall
Believed money should be given to war-torn countries to rebuild their economies
Positives
Create allies
Avoid chaos
Aid to Germany and Italy
Very successful

11. A Divided Germany
After WWII Germany was divided into four occupation zones.
USA, France, & Britain merged their sections=West Germany
Berlin
Capital of Germany
Also divided into 4
Stalin blocked East Berlin from West Berlin

12. Berlin Airlift, 1948 Western allies would not abandon West Berlin
Began a massive airlift to feed and supply the city
Stalin wasn’t properly supplying East Berlin with food, clothes, funding, etc.
US and allies showed they would not back down from Stalin

13. Soviet Aggression Behind the Iron Curtain
Americans condemned Soviet acts of force, but never intervened.
1956
Soviets stopped an anti-Communist revolt in Hungary
1961
Started the Berlin Wall to keep East Germans from escaping
Remains until 1989
1968
Conquered Czechoslovakia

14. Berlin Wall

15. Bell Ringer
Using the textbooks or the internet to write 5 facts about the Korean War

16. China & Korea China Korea China becomes Communist Led by Mao Zedong
Korean War
Communist North Korea invades Democratic South Korea
USA/UN sends troops to help South Korea
No real “winner”

17. Controversy
President Truman fires Gen. Douglas MacArthur over issues in China and North Korea
MacArthur was well loved, Americans were upset.

18. Arms Race
Competition between USA & USSR over the amount and power of their weapons
The US was originally the only country with atomic power.
Soviet Union created an atomic bomb four years later.
Both developed the hydrogen bomb (more powerful)within a year of each other.

19. Space Race
Competition between USA & USSR to see who could get to space first
Soviets launch the 1st satellite (Sputnik)
Scared Americans and showed that the USA was scientifically behind the Russians.
In response, the USA Created NASA
(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
American schools began placing more emphasis on math and science

20. The Cold War At Home Pres. Truman’s Loyalty Review Boards
Investigated “un-American activities”
Looked for people with possible Communist involvement
House Un-American Activities Committee
questioned actors, directors, writers, and others about Communist sympathies
Those found guilty were “blacklisted”
Lost their jobs, shunned, lives ruined, etc.

21. The Rosenberg Trials, 1950 Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
charged with selling national secrets to the Soviet Union
Found guilty and executed for spying
1997, the Venona Papers revealed names of several American spies for the Soviet Union. Julius Rosenberg was one of those names.

22. The McCarthy Hearings
Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed that he knew of hundreds of Communists working in the government positions.
Created a new Red Scare by raising fears.
After three years of hearings, McCarthy never provided any real proof.
The term “McCarthyism” has become identified with making harsh accusations without evidence.

23. On the back of your video guide: (Use the McGraw Hill textbook)
Write the definition of the following terms:
Baby Boom p.436:
White-collar job p.436
Blue-collar job p.436
Rock’n’Roll p.439
Generation Gap p.439
Explain why each individual is important to US History”
Dr. Jonas Salk p.437
Lucille Ball & Desi Arnaz p. 438
Alan Freed p.439
Chuck Berry p
Jack Kerouac p. 440

24. Cold War Quiz Open note (BUT ONLY YOUR NOTES) Friday (ADay) 2/26
Monday (Bday) 2/29