1. POLAR LANDS

3. Revision
The Polar lands are within the Antarctic and Arctic Circles (latitude 66.5)
Generally speaking, does not extend beyond the ISOTHERM where the MEAN TEMPERATURE does not go above 10 degrees Celsius.
2 types of landscape – icecap and tundra
Icecap – below freezing, permanent cover of ice and snow
Tundra – between 0 and 10 degrees, word means ‘barren land’, has PERMAFROST which makes tree growth impossible

4. Revision
Last week – Polar Lands Terminology
Let’s go through that now

5. Revision Questions Where are polar Lands found?
What are their boundaries?
Why are they so cold?
What are the two types of landscape and what are their characteristics?

6. Moving On…

7. Polar Animal Adaptations

8. Polar Animal Adaptations
Talk a little about each animal, where it lives and how it might have adapted to its environment
Keep in mind things like..
Survival – being seen
Food
Shelter
Seasons
Then complete a handout

9. Polar Bear Live in the Arctic. Nomadic (They do not stay in one place)
Travel across the snow and pack ice looking for food.
Sometimes they swim far out to sea.
Largest bears in the world.
Adults weigh 295 kg to 600 kg.
A polar bear's coat can be from white to yellowish in colour.
Considered to be a marine animal (why?)

10. Polar Bears - ADAPTATIONS
Able to swim without freezing due to a thick oily fur coats and a layer of fat (blubber) under their skin Large feet - like snowshoes with hair on the soles to help walk on ice and snow. The bear has also developed a walk with it’s toes pointing inwards to avoid slipping. Good swimmers - large front paws with partially webbed toes. They paddle with their front legs and use their hind legs as rudders. Very good sense of smell - can sniff dead animals from far away and can find seals in dens beneath the snow. Claws – to help catch seals. Huge teeth – good for tearing prey apart.

12. Arctic Hare lives in both mountainous and lowland areas.
prefers sheltered areas where it does not have to dig in deep snow to search for food.
white with black eartips.
In the summer their colour depends on where they live(what is this?)
On the tundra, hares are brownish with blue-gray tones (why is this?).
main food for the Arctic hare is woody plants though it will also eat mosses, lichens, buds, berries, leaves, seaweed, bark, willow twigs and roots, and even the meat from hunters' traps .

13. Arctic Hares - ADAPTATIONS
Long front claws on the front feet - used for digging in hard-packed snow.
Feet are thickly padded with fur
Coat grows longer and thicker for the winter.
Short thick undercoat protected by a longer top coat.
White fur makes the hare difficult to spot in the snow.
Small ears which lose less body heat than larger ears.
To keep warm and conserve energy, a hare will tuck in its tail, paws and ears and sit still for hours.
Hares form large groups - some rest and feed while the others act as guards.
When alarmed they rise up on their hind legs to look for danger and then bound off very quickly hopping up on their hind legs like a kangaroo
They can reach speeds of 64 km/hour and can swim across narrow streams.

15. Seal mammals that live in the sea.
Three kinds - The harp seal, hooded seal and ringed seal
They all live in the Arctic Oceam.
They eat fish, squid and krill ( shrimp-like animals).
Arctic foxes and polar bears hunt the seal.
Top – Harp Seal
Middle – Ringed Seal
Bottom left – Hooded Seal

16. Seal - ADAPTATIONS
The baby harp seal's white coat makes it hard for enemies to spot the young seal on the ice.
Clumsy on land but very good swimmers with strong flippers and smooth bodies to help them move easily in the water.
Seals are able to dive deep and can stay under water for half an hour. The seals' fur and a thick layer of fat under their skin helps them to keep warm in the freezing cold water. Seals are mammals and need to come up for air. If ice forms on the surface of the water they gnaw ( chew) the ice to make breathing holes. They also bash the ice with their heads.

18. Three to go

19. Antarctic Krill small, prawn-like crustaceans
lifespan of six years, but can live up to ten years.
grow to a length of 6 centimeters (the size of your little finger).
found in the ocean around Antarctica, generally south of 50°S and usually found in the top 200m of the water column.

20. Krill - Adaptations
can starve themselves for up to 200 during which they shrink.
Travel in swarms so dense (they can be seen from space!) primarily as a defence mechanism to confuse predators.
Can spend their day at great depths in the ocean and rise during the night toward the surface to avoid predators.

22. Emperor Penguin Antarctica only
emperor is the largest of the 17 penguin species growing up to metres tall and weighing up to 40 kg.
can live to more than 40 years
The emperor penguin is the only species of penguin that is not territorial.

23. Emperor Penguins - Adaptations
Excellent insulation in the form of several layers of scale-like feathers and it takes very strong winds (over 60 knots) to get them ruffled.
They have a very small bill and flippers, which conserve heat.
Nasal chambers also recover much of the heat that is normally lost during exhalation.
Have large reserves of energy-giving body fat and a low level of activity during winter.
They are also very social creatures, and one of their survival mechanisms is an urge to huddle together to keep warm. This huddling instinct means that they do not defend any territory.
Another special adaptation of the emperor penguin is the ability to ‘recycle’ its own body heat. The emperor’s arteries and veins lie close together so that blood is pre-cooled on the way to the bird’s feet, wings and bill and warmed on the way back to the heart.
Emperor’s feet are adapted to the icy conditions, since they have strong claws for gripping the ice.

25. Arctic Fox found in the far north, mainly in the Arctic Circle.
lives in a den or burrow dug into the side of a hill, cliff or riverbank.
The den has more than one entrance.
In winter it may tunnel into a snowbank.

26. Arctic Fox - Adaptations
Thick, bushy coat turns white in winter making it hard to see
Thick coat- able to survive in freezing cold temperatures.
Thick hair on the pads of their feet protects their feet from freezing and helps them to walk on the ice.
Can walk on ice without slipping - uses ice flows to travel in search of food in the winter.
Can curl up in the snow and cover its nose and face with its bushy tail to keep warm.
In the summer the fox will hide food in its den or under rocks

28. Think About Go to Polar Animal Adaptations doc on Year 7 HSIE
Polar Lands
Global Environments
Scroll down to Polar Animal Adaptations
polar-lands

29. Think about Start filling that in
How has this animal adapted to polar environments?
IMO – Most successful and why?
IMO – NOT been successful and why?
Timing

30. Next week Human adaptations in the Polar areas SUMMARY
Did some revision
Looked at some Polar Animal Adpatations