1. The Muslim World - Movements and Achievements

2. Essential Questions What caused the split between the Sunni and Shi’a?
How are these two groups still similar to one another?
What were five science or math advancements of the Muslim World?
What other influences does the Muslim World have on us today?

3. Movements within Islam Notes

4. When & Why
In 661 C.E., the prophet Muhammad passed away and a family known as the Umayyads rose to power.
They set up a hereditary system of succession and moved the capital of the Muslim World to Damascus in Syria.
They also began to surround themselves with wealth and ceremony similar to that of non-Muslim rulers.

5. Sunni caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community
viewed caliphs as leaders, not religious authorities
comprise 90% of Islam followers

6. Shi’a (Shi’ite)
believed that the only true successor to Muhammad were descendents of Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law (Fatima and Ali)
believed descendents were divinely inspired
most are located in Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen

7. Sunni and Shi’a one God look to Qur’an for guidance make hajj to Mecca

9. Muslim Achievements Notes

10. City Building and Architecture
City of Baghdad
100,000 architects, workers, etc. to build the city
“round city”

11. City Building and Architecture
Mosques
Usually had a minaret (tower) and a prayer room inside
Variety of design styles that reflected the diversity of Muslim lands

12. The Great Mosque in Mecca

13. Scholarship and Learning
Arabic language
Became the language of learning and scholarship

14. Scholarship and Learning
Ibn Sina
Most famous philosopher
All knowledge from God, had proof that the soul was immortal

15. Science and Technology
Zoology
The scientific study of animals
Astronomy
Compasses used to locate the direction of Mecca
Figured out the exact times for prayer and length of Ramadan

16. Science and Technology
Underground Wells
Used to bring water to cities from reservoirs, sometimes 50 feet underground

17. Geography and Navigation
Calculated Earth’s circumference within 9 miles of its correct value
Produced a world atlas with dozens of maps
Compass

18. Mathematics Al-Khwarizmi “the father of algebra”
Spread Indian concept of zero, used Arabic numbers

19. Medicine First world hospitals
Al-Razi realized that infections were caused by bacteria

20. Bookmaking and Literature
A Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights)
Rumi, wrote Islamic mysticism

21. Art and Music Rejected images of humans or animals in visual
art, used shapes and patterns
Calligraphy, beautiful
handwriting
First conservatory, or
music school

22. Recreation Polo: “sport of kings” and on horseback
Chess: adapted and improved the game