1. Single Celled Organisms
Chapter 4

2. Single Celled Prokaryotes
2 Domains: Archae and Bacteria
Compose ½ of earth’s living mass
All Archae and Bacteria are unicellular

3. Single Celled Eukaryotes
The 3rd Domain, Eukarya, contains some single celled organisms

4. Archae Unicellular organisms No nucleus
Have strong cell membranes that allow them to survive harsh climates: extremophile
Contain flagella- whip-like structures, tails, that allow the cells to move

5. Types of extremophiles
1.thermophiles:organisms that prefer extreme heat, often above 100 degrees Celsius

6. 2. Halophiles: organisms that live in extremely salty, or saline, environments, such as the Dead Sea or the Great Salt Lake

7. 3. Acidophiles: organisms that live in very acidic environments

8. Extremophiles & Oxygen
Aerobic: organisms that require energy
Anerobic: organisms that do not require oxygen
Methanogens: anerobic extremophiles that live in intestinal tracts; produce methane

9. Extremophiles & Mars

10. Bacteria Unicellular prokaryotes
Normal cell membrane; not extremophiles
Colonies: bacteria live in large groups
Many have flagella to move
Plasmids: small sections of DNA in the cytoplasm of bacteria

12. Nitrogen Fixation
Process when some bacteria remove nitrogen gas from the air and convert it into ammonia for plants and animals to use
video

18. Coccus Bacteria
Spherical, circle shaped

19. Spirilla Bacteria
Spiral shaped

20. Bacillus Bacteria
Rod shaped

22. Roles of Archae & Bacteria in the Environment
Recyclers
Decomposers
Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

23. Recyclers
Prokaryotes that recycle carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and other elements in the environment

24. Decomposers
Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and organic matter into simpler compounds
carbon and minerals are released back into the environment

25. Symbiotic Relationships

26. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotes
Many are unicellular, some are multicellular
Any eukaryotic organism that is not a fungus, plant, or animal, but is like a fungus, plant, or animal.
Most are in water, some on land or the human body

27. 3 types of Protists Plant-like Fungus-like Animal-like
Categorized by how they obtain their food

28. Plant-like Protists Obtain food through photosynthesis
Do not have leaves or roots

29. Plant-like Protists: Examples
1. Algae: lives in the water and contains chlorophyll

31. Plant-like Protists: Examples
2. Diatoms: single-celled, type of algae
Found in fresh or salt water, and in moist soil or moist plant surfaces
A part of plankton

32. Plant-like Protists: Examples
3. Euglena: unicellular protists; photosynthesis with light.
Red eye spot: a collection of pigment that detects light and moves toward light
When no light is present, it can engulf food

33. Fungus-like Protist
Fungus-like Protist’s cell wall is made of cellulose
A fungus’ cell wall is made of chitin
3 groups:
cellular slime molds
acellular slime molds
water molds- decomposers, Great Potato Famine

34. Animal-like Protists: Examples
Protists- unicellular, animals- multicellular
4 groups- based on how they move
1.Zooflagellates- move by flagella

35. Animal-like Protists: Examples
Protists- unicellular, animals- multicellular
4 groups based on how they move
1.Zooflagellates- move by flagella
2. Sarcodines- unicellular move by pseudopod, false foot

36. Animal-like Protists: Examples
Protists- unicellular, animals- multicellular
4 groups based on how they move
1.Zooflagellates- move by flagella
2.Sarcodines- (amoeba) unicellular move by pseudopod, false foot
3. Ciliates- unicellular, elastic membrane
Cilia- hairlike organelles for movement

37. Animal-like Protists: Examples
Protists- unicellular, animals- multicellular
4 groups based on how they move
1.Zooflagellates- move by flagella
2.Sarcodines- (amoeba) unicellular move by pseudopod, false foot
3.Ciliates- unicellular, elastic membrane
Cilia- hairlike organelles for movement
4.Sporozoans- produce spores

39. Yogurt
yogurt under microscope

40. Common Bacteria in Yogurt
lactobacillus bulgaricus
streptococcus thermophilus