1. Regional differences and interactions
13 Colonies
Regional differences and interactions

2. Lesson Objectives
How did the environment and available resources distinguish the three colonial regions?
How did the people use the natural resources of their region to earn a living or meet their basic needs?
How did the regions develop specialized economies that led to an interdependent system?
How did the cultures of each region evolve?

3. The Three Regions
New England
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies

4. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut

5. New England Environment
Rocky Soils/hilly terrain
Short farming season/cold winters
Subsistence farming
Great harbors for port/Boston
On Atlantic Ocean/large forests

6. New England Resources
Natural: timber, fish, deep harbors, and fast rivers
Human: skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, and shipbuilders

7. New England Economic Specializations
Timber and Ship Building Supplies (Rope, Masts, Tar)
Dried Fish
Rum
Mills and factories later producing cloth and metal tools

8. New England Culture Why they came: Who they were:
Colonists were primarily religious reformers and separatists
Seeking a new life to glorify God and the greater good of their spiritual life
Who they were:
Puritans and Pilgrims who believed in working hard and following strict rules.
Famous: John Winthrop, Roger Williams, Squanto, Roger Williams, and Anne Hutchinson

9. John Winthrop
Led Puritans to Massachusetts Bay

10. Culture: Social Life
New England villages were closed religious communities. Everyone went to the same church.
The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged their belief in the connection between religion and government.
Puritans wanted to educate their children in order to have ministers for future generations.

11. Culture: Political Life
Mayflower Compact was an agreement made by the men of the first Plymouth colony, where the majority ruled.
New England’s colonial society and government was based on religious standing (the religious leaders were also the political leaders)
Town meetings

12. The Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware

13. Middle Colonies Environment
Appalachian Mountains and coastal lowlands
Bays/wide and deep rivers
Rich farmland and moderate climate
Good coastal harbors for shipping: Philadelphia and New York

14. Middle Colonies Resources
Natural: rich farmland, rivers, fish, iron ore and furs
Human: skilled craftsmen, unskilled workers, fishermen, farmers, and merchants

15. Middle Colonies Economic Specializations
Called the Bread Basket Colonies
Farmed Wheat, Oat, Barley and Rye.
Livestock
Fish
Papermaking and logging

16. Middle Colonies Culture
Why they came:
Religious freedom and to make money through trade
Welcome immigrants from various and diverse lifestyles
Who they were:
People from: England, the Netherlands, France, Germany and others.
Puritans, Quakers, Anglicans, Catholics, and Jews.
Famous: William Penn and Peter Stuyvesant

17. William Penn
A Quaker hoping to practice his religion in freedom

18. Culture: Social Life
Religion: Varied no single religion dominated. Quakers, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans and Presbyterians had significant numbers. In the Middle Colonies there was a strong belief in religious freedom and religious tolerance.
Villages, cities, and market towns evolved because of trade between the regions.
Children were taught by their parents or tutors

19. Culture: Political Life
Dutch established the town of New Amsterdam in 1650 along the Hudson River but did not defend it well.
The British took the colony by force in 1663 and renamed it New York.
Market towns
Royal or proprietary with elected assemblies

20. Maryland Virginia Southern Colonies Georgia North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia

21. Southern Colonies Environment
Warm and humid weather, fertile soil and long growing seasons.
Appalachian Mountains
Good harbors and rivers
Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains

22. Southern Colonies Resources
Natural: Fertile farmland, rivers and harbors Human: Farmers, indentured servants and slaves

23. Southern Colonies Economic Specializations
“cash crops” such as tobacco, indigo, rice and later cotton for export to Britain
Forest products

24. Southern Colonies Culture
Why they came:
Established as economic ventures and were seeking resources to provide material wealth to the mother country and themselves.
Who they were:
Plantation owners who became wealthy off of the cash crops and viewed themselves as nobility, criminals, and poor farmers and slaves
Famous: James Oglethorpe, John Smith, Lord Baltimore

25. General James Oglethorpe
A wealthy English army general who received a charter to start Georgia.

26. Culture: Social Life
“Cavaliers” were rich nobility from England who were given land grants by the king.
Social structure and government based on family status and the ownership of land
Religion: allegiance to the Church of England
Closest social ties to England
Wealthy educated by private tutors and poor uneducated

27. Culture: Political Life
Virginia House of Burgesses – Later called the General Assembly.
First elected assembly in the New World
Representative Democracy

28. Question?
In your opinion will these differences lead to confrontations among the colonies?

29. Assessment
Students will demonstrate their knowledge of their assigned region by creating a rough draft of a billboard that describes life in their region or a letter to a family member urging them to join them in this region. Billboard must include in words and pictures the following:
Famous person
Environment
Resource and economic specialization
Cultural political and social aspect
Letter must be well written and include a particular colony of the region described using the same criteria. Length should be at least three paragraphs.
Expert groups will create a billboard and letter to present to class and be graded on a four point rubric scale.