1. Lets Review!
Take it back now y’all

2. Chapter 1
First Nations People lived in Canada before any Europeans came to its shores
These FN had structure, society, gender roles, government, traditions etc.
There were differences between the groups, not all groups of First Nations had the same beliefs or customs
There was peace between some groups of FN and wars between other groups.
All FN respected the land

3. Chapter 2
Europeans came searching for wealth, land to grow their empires and were curious about what was out there
They also wanted a trade route to China since they were blocked when Muslim control took over Constantinople
French explorers wanted to convert FN to Catholicism
British wanted to kick them off their land and take their resources
Europeans brought diseases to FN that they had no immunity to

4. Chapter 3 European explorers began to settle in, they weren’t leaving
They set up colonies
Competition between France and Britain began
King gave out monopolies to encourage settlers
Europeans began to get involved with FN politics in order to gain trading partners

5. Chapter 4
The fur trade was fueled by economic competition between France and Britain
HBC and NWC were established
As furs became scarce, the fur trade moved west, territories expanded and more of Canada was discovered
Metis people emerged as Europeans began to marry and have kids with First Nations

6. So what now? Where do you think this is all heading??

7. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 is a new unit: Towards Confederation
Confederation is a fancy word for groups uniting to form a country
Remember Canada wasn’t a country yet, just a bunch of colonies with mixed groups of people competing for resources and land, kind of like the game, Settlers of Catan!

8. Chapter 5
Unit 1 focused on the diverse people involved with Canada’s beginning
Unit 2 focuses on how those relationships founded Canada

9. Chapter 5 is all about war and conquest!
Our timeline begins in the early 1700’s
France has settled in the area known as Acadia. This area is seen below.

10. Lets zoom out a bit!
Wait a second! Doesn’t the 13 colonies (The British land) extend into the USA? Yes it does! We’ll be learning about the split between Canada and the USA very soon.

11. One more look…
Acadia is not the same as New France. Acadia is France’s second colony. There’s someone who is very interested in stealing this land, can you guess who?
The British!

13. Why do you think Britain wanted Acadia
Why do you think Britain wanted Acadia? The answer has to do with its geography.
This is where trade ships and military ships would pass, making it a very valuable access point.

14. France and acadia
France had settlements in Acadia since 1604, over 100 years!
This means that several generations (kids, parents, grandparents etc) already lived and grew up here (Francophones)
They had roots, they had farms, they had established good relationships with the First Nations
See pages in your textbook

15. Snatched away! Acadia fell to the British in 1713
It fell because Britain had won a war in Europe against France called the War of Spanish Succession, in the peace treaty between France and Britain, France had to give up Acadia in the Treaty of Ulrecht

16. Hold up! Wait a second: Let’s think about that…
Way far away in Europe, decisions affecting Canadiens and First Nations are being made without their consent in a war that had nothing to do with them, or their parents, or their grandparents…how do you think they’re feeling about this??
How would you feel?
More importantly, what would you do about it?

17. So what happened next?
Well Britain wasn’t clear about the boundaries that made up Acadia so the French continued to claim the land that is now New Brunswick, they set up Louisbourg to defend themselves but the British captured it and created their own military fort, Halifax, then France took over Louisbourg again, then British took it over. Is your head spinning yet?
Activity~~
Lets make a timeline…

18. Louisbourg and Halifax
Check out page 146 in your textbook
Notice how the control of the land goes back and forth, back and forth
This must have been challenging for the people in Canada! Let’s look at how those people faced the challenges…

19. The Great Deportation
The first time that Britain took over Acadia in 1713, it told the Acadians to leave! This is called deportation.
Based on what we know about Acadians, how do you think they felt? What do you think they did?

20. The Great Deportation
They stayed! Well, most of them stayed. The Acadians were given one year to leave but they had worked hard to establish themselves in Acadia and so had their parents and grandparents.
What do you think was Britain’s response?

21. The Great Deportation
Britain said “Fine! Then pledge your allegiance!”
Britain said all Acadians must take the Oath of Neutrality.
What’s an oath and what does it mean to stay neutral?
An oath is a strong promise, a promise you would never break and to stay neutral means you wouldn’t pick sides in a fight
When people fight around you, do you usually pick sides or do you stay neutral?

22. Fast Forward
25 years after The Oath of Neutrality, the British feared an approaching war
They decided to make Acadians swear an oath of Allegiance instead
What is Allegiance?
Allegiance is when you promise your undying support for one side.
Hmmm, sounds like Acadians are getting bullied by the British quite a bit here, who’s asking them what they think?-no one

23. Make Predictions
Acadians didn’t mind swearing an oath of neutrality but most didn’t want to swear an oath of allegiance, why do you think they didn’t want this?
They didn’t want to fight against their own country (France)
They refused and Britain retaliated by deporting them
Some fled to New France while others found protection among the Mi’kmaq

24. Where did Acadians get deported to?
Britain managed to capture and ship 11,000 Acadians to the 13 colonies, some also went back to Europe
They lost their homes, their possessions, and their land
The Mi’kmaq had lived peacefully with Acadians for almost 200 years by this point. How do you think they were affected?
They lost relative, friends, and neighbors
Activity ~~
Time to act it out!

25. The British Perspective
Tensions between France and Britain were always escalating, if a war broke out, Acadians would choose to support France if they had the freedom to choose because they were Catholic and spoke French, they had more in common with France’s culture than British culture.

26. The British Perspective
If a war did break out, Acadia would definitely be involved because of it’s strategic location
12000 people in Acadia were Francophone while only 6000 were British
The British assumed the Acadians could not be trusted because they were of French descent

27. The British Perspective
The Acadians refused to promise to fight against France if a war broke out but they did agree to remain neutral, what does this suggest about how Acadians feel about their identity?

28. And then it happened…The 7 years war between France and Britain, who will be victorious?

29. The 7 Years War

30. The 7 Years war
Between Britain and France, originally started to control the Ohio Valley as Britain wanted to expand inland to allow more space for more colonists
More colonists, meant more trade
More trade meant more $$$$ for Britain
However, this became a fight for the entire continent!
9 European countries took sides in this fight and 2 years later, this war went Global

31. Wins and loses 1760-Britain seized Quebec
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham
Quebec had been New France’s capital and military base, Quebec had been well guarded and secured-this shows Britain’s power
1763-France signed peace treaty with Britain
The Treaty of Paris
The treaty of Paris gave up France’s claim to North America in order to keep their colony in Guadeloupe-Here, they had sugar plantations and sugar was more valuable than furs

32. Britain’s Victory So much uncertainty arose when Britain won
France made sure to ask Britain to be nice to the Francophones and First Nation French allies.
What things might the Francophones be wondering at this point?
What kind of society does Britain want?
Will we be able to practice Catholicism?
How will our First Nation friends be treated?
How will Francophone people keep their jobs in the fur trade?

33. The First Nations Response
The French had had a great relationship with the First Nations, what about the British?
The British had only been interested in keeping the peace with the Native when it suited their needs, such as fighting the French, now that the French were defeated, they didn’t have any use for First Nations Allies. (Haudenosaunee) What do you think this means for the First Nations people?
What should the First Nations people do to protect their land, language, culture and people?

34. The First Nations Response
Pontiac, leader of the Odawa Nation, decided to take action!
The Odawa nation and the Anishinabe formed an alliance against the British to protect their land
Even though Britain said they would be kind to the First Nations, they didn’t stop settlers from pushing further and further onto Haudenosaunee land.
The First Nations also faced a new enemy…

35. Whiskey Traders People who traded alcohol with the First Nations
Why do you think this caused problems?

36. Pontiac taking action
Pontiac approached Fort Michilimackinac (A British fort) he convinced them to open their gates to come play lacrosse
Once the gates were opened, Pontiac’s troops stormed in and took control
The First Nations managed to take over 9 British Forts!

37. Get a hold of yourself Britian!
Even though Britain had won the 7 years war, peace was lost and control was scattered
What should Britain do to establish control?
Activity~~
You are an advisor to the British governor, write the governor a letter explaining how you think Britain can maintain power and have lasting peace between all groups.

38. The Royal Proclamation
1763
Britain tried to create a peaceful situation with The Royal Proclamation, this came after Pontiac’s resistance
The goal of the new laws was to assimilate all people in Canada
Assimilate means to make everyone the same, make them all more similar to British culture
Even though this was an attempt at peace, how do you think people feel when someone wants them to assimilate?

39. The Royal Proclamation
The new laws of assimilation meant Catholics could not have government positions
Britain made the government in Quebec into a British-style government with an elected assembly
French laws were abolished (got rid of)
This meant that they couldn’t tithe or pay taxes to the church which is what kept the Catholic church running
Settlers were forbidden to move west so that they would increase the population of Quebec

40. Peace with the Natives
Britain established a “Proclamation Line” which separated the 13 colonies from the Native territory. This meant that not European settlers could settle on native land unless they had permission

41. Perspectives: Can you guess who said it?

42. Who said the following:
Acadians, Natives, or British?
See page 165 in your textbook, read the three comments and try to guess which group each comment belongs to.

43. On page 165 in your textbook, take a look at “Respond” #3
Compromises:
When everybody gets something they want but nobody gets everything they want
On page 165 in your textbook, take a look at “Respond” #3
Answer the question:
To what extent was the Royal Proclamation a compromise?
Refer to the British, the First Nations and the Acadians in your answer.

44. Insert American history here!
We’re arrived at the point in history where The 13 colonies go to war with Britain and this is the beginning of the USA’s history.
Wait a second, aren’t the 13 colonies British??
Yes! But let’s think about this… Britain is all the way over in Europe and has been governing colonies all the way over in Canada, the issues that face settlers, the things that are important to them, the challenges they face-How much do you think Britain knows, or cares about them??

45. 13 Colonies Rebel
The people of the 13 colonies began to feel less and less like British and more and more like something else
What!? What did the feel like!?
I’m so glad you asked!
They started to feel like their own nation
Hmmm How are the British going to feel about that?

46. The American Revolution
We’re coming back to the American Revolution in the next chapter but first…
The 13 Colonies went to war with Britain to become their own country, they didn’t want to be ruled by some far off monarch who didn’t understand them.
The Quebec Act of 1774
This was meant to give some rights back to Canadien people that the Royal Proclamation had taken away

47. The Quebec Act 1774
As the 13 colonies rebelled and eventually became the United States of America, Britain feared that Quebec would rebel also so they instated the Quebec Act of 1774
The Act allowed…
Catholics to practice their religion
Clergy to help the people make decisions
Canadiens to hold government positions
French civil law to return
Extended the boundaries of Quebec so that settlers could expand their fur trade into First Nations land

48. The Quebec Act
So basically, Britain got scared that they would lose Quebec and gave them treats to make them happy and bought peace with them at the expense of the First Nations
What does this tell us about British attitudes at the time?
End of Chapter 5