1. Do Now: 1. What institution was questioned during the Scientific Revolution?

2. Effects of the Scientific Revolution
Decline in Political Power of Roman Catholic Church
Many new discoveries & fields of science formed
Individuals began to question authority

3. The Scientific Revolution
Reform in science
The Enlightenment
Reform in government
Question the best form of govt.
Questioned Absolutism

4. The Enlightenment The Age of Reason 1600-1700s
Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment
The Age of Reason s

5. From Science to Philosophy
Enlightenment philosophers
1. Questioned the best form of government
2. Questioned Absolutism

6. Disagreed about 1. Human Nature 2. How people should be governed

7. John Locke vs. Thomas Hobbes
People basically good
All people entitled to “life, liberty, property”: Natural Rights/Laws
Social Contract Theory: people form an invisible contract with their government that govt. will uphold rights
If govt. violates rights, people can break contract & rebel
Hobbes
People basically evil
People surrender rights to govt. and must support govt. no matter what
“Life is nasty, brutish and short”
The Leviathan

8. John Locke– “un-LOCKED” democracy Inspired American Revolution, Declaration of Independence

9. French Thinkers Why Important? 3 Branches of Govt.
Denis Diderot: wrote first encyclopedia (censored by the RCC and he went to prison)
Why Important?
Brought subjects together
Spread Enlightenment ideals
Published for the masses
Middle Class people could afford it
Baron de Montesquieu: wrote about government and the importance of individual rights – balance of power & a system of checks & balances
3 Branches of Govt.

10. Voltaire French author (Voltaire was his pseudonym) Freedom of Speech
“I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

11. Adam Smith Wrote influential book on economics: Wealth of Nations
Developed idea of laissez-faire economics (“hands-off”) gov’t should have little role in regulating businesses and the economy
Capitalism: private ownership
Invisible Hand Theory

12. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Believed people were basically good
Society, rules, government had corrupted them
“Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains”
Chains= societal constraints
Expanded on social contract theory
Said majority should always look out for common good

13. “…Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”
The Spread of the Enlightenment Ideas
John Adams ( )
Thomas Jefferson ( )
Ben Franklin ( )
“…Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

14. Effects of the Enlightenment
1. Enlightened despots
Despot = ruler with absolute power Enlightened = want to increase
individual rights
Ex. Catherine the Great
2. Questioning and challenging of absolutism
3. Increased literacy rates throughout Europe
4. The American Revolution ( )
5. The French Revolution ( )
6. Latin American Revolutions ( s)

15. The Big Idea
The Enlightenment encouraged people to challenge absolutism and demand more of a say in their government
Led to American Revolution, French Revolution, and Latin American independence movements