1. Enlight #6: French Philosophes DUE: NOTES
Who said that an absolute monarchy is the best form of government?
Who said that all people are born with the right to life, liberty, and property?
Who fought for everyone to have freedom of speech?
What does heliocentric mean?
The Palace of Versailles was the very extravagant home of who?

2. French Philosophes Enlightenment philosophers
Opposed to king’s extravagance and unquestioned power

3. Baron de Montesquieu (1700s)
Separation of Powers: Power in gov should be divided among different groups – thus no tyranny

4. Executive: carries out laws Legislative: writes laws
Advocated 3 branches of gov (from Roman Republic)
Executive: carries out laws
Legislative: writes laws
Judicial: interpret laws

5. “Power should be a check to power”
Checks & Balances: 1 branch can stop another
Ex: Pres can veto (reject) a law passed by Congress
Congress can override (undo) a veto

6. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1700s)
Humans are born good!
Believed that society makes us worse, not better (like most Enlight. thinkers)

7. “Man is born free & everywhere he is in chains.”

8. His Social Contract said
The only good gov is one formed by the people’s consent (agreement)
All people are equal
NO nobility

9. What is an encyclopedia?

10. Encyclopedia

11. Enlightenment Philosophy
Read article on Diderot.
Who was Diderot? What did he create?
What information was in this book? Give 2 examples.
What was in this that was previously secret?
Who had controlled information in the past?
Why were the king and church upset at it?
How did the king react to the second volume?
What did Diderot do as result?
How did this encyclopedia represent Enlightenment values? Give 2 specific pieces of evidence and explain each.

12. Fix it! Fix all the problems with the MLA formatting!
When do you use IN-TEXT CITATIONS?
When you are NOT using your words
Quotes
Heavily paraphrased
Statistics
10/10 love chocolate chip cookies

13. MLA & Sources Cite this source:
Your textbook – Modern World History California Edition: Patterns of Interaction by Roger B. Beck, Published by McDougall Littell Houghton in 2006.
In-text citation for a quote on pg. 166

14. Share a Google Doc Answer: Who is your character? Biography
What do they believe about gov’t?
What do they believe about the role of the people in the gov’t?
Be able to justify their response
Use at least one actual quote from the person

15. Biography on philosopher
4. Who had controlled information in the past? 5. Why were the king and church upset at it? 6. How did the king react to the second volume? 7. What did Diderot do as result? 8. How did this encyclopedia represent Enlightenment values?
Voltaire quotes
Pick 3 quotes: (A) Paraphrase – put in your own words (B) Is he right? Explain.
Biography on philosopher
Pick 1: Write down the name and then:
Write down 3-4 of their main beliefs.
Read the quote (at the bottom) and explain what it means.

16. Enlight #7: More philosophes
Journal: Are women treated fairly and equally in today’s society? Explain your answer with 2-3 specific reasons. (4-6 sentences)
Due Dates:
Th/Fri: Your section of the Salon #4, 5, or 6
Th/Fri: Quiz on Enlightenment (10 m/c questions)

17. Education for girls was limited usually to training to become a wife & mother Rousseau wrote books supporting this idea
Mary Wollstonecraft: Wrote a Vindication of the Rights of Women in 1792
She wanted equal education for men & women
“If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?”
Mary Astell

18. Leads to equal opportunities
Women could be doctors, not just nurses
Could financially care for themselves & not rely on a husband
Still encouraged motherhood
Her daughter – Mary Shelley – writes Frankenstein

19. Cesare Beccaria Wrote On Crimes & Punishments (anonymously)
Punishment should deter (stop/hinder) crime & be fair – not be revenge
Ppl accused of crimes should receive a speedy & fair trial
Torture & the death penalty should never be used