1. Religion and Reform

2. Transcendentalism
Believed spiritual discovery and insight could lead to truth
Urged self reliance and acting on one’s own beliefs
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Leader of Transcendentalist movement
Launched American Renaissance
Henry David Thoreau
Author of Walden
Protested Mexican War and slavery in the States

3. Temperance Encouraged ABSTINENCE – not drinking alcohol
Movement would eventually lead to Prohibition in the 1920s

4. Education
Horace Mann pushed for free education, to be paid for by taxes
Moral education stressed in schools
Thrift
Obedience
Honesty
Temperance

5. Prisons
All age groups and variance of criminal housed in the same facility
Dorthea Dix fought for appropriate treatment of the mentally ill

6. Nativist Movement Republican belief
Favored native-born Americans over immigrants

7. Abolitionist Movement
Movement to end slavery
William Lloyd Garrison published The Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper
Frederick Douglass
Most influential African abolitionist
Escaped as a slave… later bought his own freedom
Published the North Star, an abolitionist newspaper
Harriet Tubman
Worked as part of the “Underground Railroad”
Was called “Black Moses” for rescuing over 300 slaves

8. Women’s Rights Many cultural and legal restrictions on women
Catherine Beecher inspired women to build a strong American society
Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first convention to discuss women’s rights
SENACA FALLS CONVENTION