1. Sectional Conflict and Shattered Union, 1848-1860
Chapter 13
Sectional Conflict and Shattered Union,

2. New Political Options Politicizing Slavery in the 1840s
Abolitionists getting louder
William Lloyd Garrison
Sojourner Truth

3. New Political Options Opting for War with Mexico Annexation of Texas
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Discovery of gold in California

4. New Political Options The Election of 1848
Slavery returned to mainstream politics
Zachary Taylor won
Disaffected Voices and Political Dissent
Whigs
Know-Nothings

5. New Political Options The Politics of Compromise
California’s application for statehood revived tensions
Compromise of 1850
Popular sovereignty
Fugitive Slave Law

6. New Political Options A Changing Political Economy
Industrialization increased during 1850s
Railroad moved to center place in economy
Regional sectionalism
Regionally different economies
Political Instability and the Election of 1852
Slavery
Seemed to loom behind every debate
Uncle Tom’s Cabin

7. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was the first
American novel that featured African American characters
in prominent roles. It was issued in various editions and, as
this store advertisement makes clear, it sold in enormous
numbers. Note the different purchasing options, including
both inexpensive paperback copies, a lavish bound “Superb
Illustrated Edition,” and an edition in German.
p319

8. New Political Options Increasing Tension Under Pierce
Transcontinental Railroad route
Southerners wanted a southern route to encourage development of more slave states
Northern Free-Soilers, evangelicals, and manufacturers wanted a northern route
Gadsden Purchase
Kansas-Nebraska Act

9. Toward a House Divided Bleeding Kansas
Kansas-Nebraska Act infuriated northern opinion
Filibustering
Ostend Manifesto
John Brown
Republican Party did well in 1856 election

10. Toward a House Divided Bringing Slavery Home to the North
Dred Scott
LeCompton Constitution
Freeport Doctrine
The Dominance of Sectionalism
Democrats split again

11. The Divided Nation The Election of 1860
Republicans emphasized slavery issue & played on Democratic Party corruption
Southerners panicked at prospect of Republican victory
Rumors of slave uprisings in the South
Republican victory
1st time president elected by a single region

12. MAP 13.4 Election of 1860
The election of 1860 confirmed the worst fears expressed
by concerned Union supporters during the 1850s: changes
in the nation’s population made it possible for one section
to dominate national politics. As this map shows, the
Republican and southern Democratic parties virtually split
the nation, and the Republicans were able to seize the
presidency.
Map 13-4 p328

13. The Divided Nation The First Wave of Secession Responses to Disunion
Deep South
Crittenden’s Compromise
Responses to Disunion
Some in the South still favored compromise
Jefferson Davis
Chosen as president of Confederacy

14. MAP 13.5 Secession
This map shows the breakup of the Union begun by South Carolina’s secession in December 1860.
The Cotton Belt followed South Carolina’s lead in January, and the rest of the Confederate states
joined them later in the spring of Free states then aligned to oppose southern secession, while
the border states and inland territories were caught in the middle.
Map 13-5 p329

15. The Nation Dissolved Lincoln, Sumter, and War Lincoln rejected
Secession
Extension of slavery
Lincoln promised not to interfere with slavery in the South
Secessionists characterized it as a declaration of war
South Carolina

16. The Nation Dissolved Choosing Sides in Virginia
Robert E. Lee
Trouble in the Border States
Border states remained in Union
Though not without bloodshed

17. p336