Julia Remmers1, Thomas Wagner1

Julia Remmers1, Thomas Wagner1
Azimuthal variability of trace gases and aerosols measured during the MADCAT campaign in summer 2013 in Mainz, Germany Julia Remmers1, Thomas Wagner1 MPI for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany 3) University of Bremen, Germany 5) CAS Hefei, China 2) University of Heidelberg, Germany BIRA/IASB, Brussels, Belgium 6) University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Steffen Beirle1, Caroline Fayt4, Udo Frieß2, Clio Gielen4, Myojeong Gu1, Francois Hendrick4, Christian Hermans4, Martin Horbanski2, Ted Koenig6, Johannes Lampel2, Ang Li5, Yuhan Luo5, Alexis Merlaud4, Jan Nasse2, Ivan Ortega6, Lara Penth2, Enno Peters3, Gaia Pinardi4, Andreas Richter3, André Seyler3, Reza Shaiganfar1, Frederik Tack4, Michel van Roozendael4, Rainer Volkamer6, Yang Wang1, Folkard Wittrock3, Pinhua Xie5

Content MAD-CAT campaign overview
Azimuthal distribution of O4, NO2 and H2O Comparison to simulations Daily development Conclusion &Outlook DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

MAD-CAT: Instruments and Aims
Setup: 16 MAX-DOAS instruments 6 azimuth scanning instruments Car-MAX-DOAS operated by 3 groups NO2-CE-DOAS (Heidelberg) Aeronet station on the same building … Aims: Compare DSCDs of the instruments Investigate azimuth distributions …. Intensive Phase: June to beginning of July 2013 Extended Phase: until mid of October 2013 DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Multi Axis DOAS – Comparison Campaign for Aerosols and Trace Gases
Standard viewing direction: 51° (towards Frankfurt) Airport 1320 take offs per day 1320 take offs per day DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Azimuthal Comparisons
6 Groups: Bremen, Boulder, Heidelberg, Mainz, Brussels, Hefei (minimum) 1 scan every 2 hours  several groups made more measurements Elevation: 2° Used as comparison/quality check: Aeronet, AllSky Camera, Ceilometer NO2 and H2O from vis small analysis setting ( nm) O4 from UV analysis setting ( nm) Focus on 2 clear days DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Azimuth scans: round view
Gaia Pinardi (minimum) 1 scan every 2 hours  several groups made more measurements Elevation: 2° Daily reference DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

All Instruments, full Day
Bremen Boulder Heidelberg Mainz All Instruments, full Day O4 NO2 The results of the different instruments are in good agreement Good spatial and temporal resolution DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Simulation: McArtim aerosol input
pressure and temperature from weatherstation near by (JG University Mainz)  O4 VCD Aerosol profile shape from Ceilometer AOD from Aeronet Deutschmann et al..: The Monte carlo Atmospheric radiative transfer model McArtim: Introduction and validation of Jacobians and 3-D features, J. Quant. Spectrosc.Ra., 112, 1119–1137, 2011 DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

O4 Comparison measurement and simulation: clear day 1: 18.06.13
Sun Azimuth Pointing towards obstacles  Simulation sometimes higher than measurement DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

O4 Comparison measurement and simulation: Clear day 2: 08.07.13
Factor: Simulation is always lower than the measurements  What is the difference between the two days? DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Different aerosol properties Lowest layer (150m) wrong extrapolation
Possible reasons: Different aerosol properties Lowest layer (150m) wrong extrapolation Enviromental measurement station in Mainz

First try: enhance profile for lowest 150m
DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

First try: enhance profile for lowest 150m
Sun Azimuth Simulated O4 DSCDs are lower Can‘t be the only explanation DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

O4 Comparison of the 2 clear days:
The O4 can be simulated very well some questions are still open Lowest 150m have influence Aerosol optical properties? DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

H2O Comparison measurement and simulation: clear day 1: 18.06.13
12 UTC (+/-0.25h) H2O: expontial profile assumed  Azimuthal variability of H2O is surprisingly large DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

H2O Comparison measurement and simulation: clear day 2: 08.07.13
12 UTC (+/-0.25h) H2O: expontial profile assumed  Azimuthal variability of H2O is small, but there DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

NO2 Comparison measurement and simulation: clear day 1: 18.06.13
12 UTC (+/-0.25h) NO2: Box Profile 500m DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

12 UTC (+/-0.25h) NO2: Box Profile 200m with exponential decrease on top NO2 Variation is larger than the variation induced by differences in SZA/SRAA DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

12 UTC (+/-0.25h) NO2: Box Profile 500m DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

12 UTC (+/-0.25h) NO2: Box Profile 200m with exponential decrease on top NO2 Variation is in the order of variation by SZA/SRAA DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Daily development day 1: O4 and H2O
6 UTC DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Daily development of O4 and H2O
Day 1: H2O does not follow the azimuth dependence of O4  gradients in H2O Day 2: the azimuth dependence of H2O and of O4 are similar  small gradients in H2O DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Daily development day 1: NO2

Daily development of NO2
The 2 example days show different NO2 distributions: Day 1 is very inhomogenuous Day 2 is in the afternoon quite homogenuous  Azimuthal distribution of NO2 varies fast over the day DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Conclusion Good agreement between the instruments for O4, NO2 and H2O DSCDs O4 DSCDs measured and modeled are comparable Day 1 ( ): complex day, but can be modeled Day 2 ( ): Factor of is needed The variation in the DSCDs of O4 are mostly caused by dependence on SZA and SRAA H2O shows surprisingly high gradients in day 1, and small gradients at day 2 The variation in the DSCDs of NO2 can be much larger than the variation induced by variation in SRAA Day 1: low windspeed in morning and noon (<1m/s), later 2-3 m/s Day 2: windspeed 3-6 m/s, north westerly winds (both days) What about vertical profiles (3D inversion?) DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Outlook Introduce a qualitative measure for inhomogeneity
Investigate more days (What is the influence of clouds?) What about vertical profiles (3D inversion?) DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

Thanks to all MAD-CAT participants!
Thank you! Thank you! Thanks to all MAD-CAT participants! Thank you! DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

NO2: Comparison to Car-DOAS
10 UTC (+/-0.25h) Wind direction (> 1m/s) DOAS Workshop, , Julia Remmers MPIC

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