1. CHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum Physics
3.1 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron
3.2 Determination of Electron Charge
3.3 Line Spectra
3.4 Quantization
3.5 Blackbody Radiation
3.6 Photoelectric Effect
3.7 X-Ray Production
3.8 Compton Effect
3.9 Pair Production and Annihilation

2. CHAPTER 4 Structure of the Atom
4.1 The Atomic Models of Thomson and Rutherford
4.2 Rutherford Scattering
4.3 The Classic Atomic Model
4.4 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
4.5 Successes and Failures of the Bohr Model
4.6 Characteristic X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number
4.7 Atomic Excitation by Electrons
Bohr’s different; he’s a football [U.S. soccer] player!
Ernest Rutherford, giving an uncharacteristic compliment to a
theorist-Niels Bohr in this case.

3. Thomson’s Atomic Model
Thomson’s “plum-pudding” model of the atom had the positive charges spread uniformly throughout a sphere the size of the atom with, the newly discovered “negative” electrons embedded in the uniform background.
In Thomson’s view, when the atom was heated, the electrons could vibrate about their equilibrium positions, thus producing electromagnetic radiation.
Does it really look like this?
How do we study this???

4. Response functions j = sE (V=IR) (Linear) Response function
Investigation
Action (Input)
Reaction (Response)
How is this guy?
j = sE (V=IR)
x = (1/k) F
P = cE E
M = cM H
R = c H
(Linear) Response function
Input
Response

5. Examples hv e - q Z X Y f
“Pin hole” ARPES

6. Scattering Exp 1 2 3
1 : Incident particles : photon (all kinds), electron, neutron, etc
2 : Analyzer  measures the angle of the scattered particle
3 : Detector  counts # of scattered particles (intensity)
Intensity as a function
of angle

7. Rutherford Scattering
Intensity as a function
of angle
Differential cross section 𝑑𝜎 𝑑Ω
Contains useful information

8. Experiments of Geiger and Marsden

9. Diffractometer & Detector
Geiger-Muller tube

10. The Hydrogen Atom and Transition

11. Characteristic X-ray Spectra & transitions

12. X-ray emission energies
Moseley plot
Moseley’s formula