1. The Counter (Catholic) Reformation The Counter Reformation was a series of actions the Catholic Church took to counteract the effects of the Protestant Reformation.

2. What contributed to the Catholic Churches’ need to reform?

3. Catholic officials met to make reforms
Action #1:
Catholic officials met to make reforms
Council of Trent
Banned the selling of indulgences
Created a code of conduct for all clergy (priests, popes, etc.)
Rejected the Protestant belief that the church was not needed to help people reach salvation

4. New orders were formed to bring the focus back to spirituality.
Action #2:
New orders were formed to bring the
focus back to spirituality.
Jesuits
Founded by Ignatius Loyola
Focused on obedience to the church
Concentrated on education as a way to spread Catholicism

5. The Catholic Church tried to control information
Action #3:
The Catholic Church tried to
control information
The Index of Banned Books
The Catholic Church warned people not to read certain books
Protestant churches also issued lists of banned books
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6. The Catholic Church punished non-Catholics in some countries
Action #4:
                                                                        
The Catholic Church punished
non-Catholics in some countries
The Inquisition
Trials that took place mostly in Spain
Tortured & killed non- Catholics
Forced many to flee Spain
Circa 1500, A prisoner undergoing torture at the hands of the Spanish Inquisition. Monks in the background wait for his confession with quill and paper.

7. Catholics and Protestants both tried to convert people to their beliefs, resulting in religious and political wars across Europe.

8. The Wars of Religion War in Germany (Holy Roman Empire)
Birthplace of the Reformation
But, the main ruler, Charles V, was Catholic
And many German princes were Protestant
Peace of Augsburg: Each prince could choose the religion of his territory
This resulted in an uneasy peace between Catholic and Protestant neighbors

9. The Wars of Religion War and Conflict in France
Protestants in France were called Huguenots
Religious war between Catholics and Huguenots split France in the 1500s
In 1572, Catholics killed more than 20,000 Protestants in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

10. The Wars of Religion France, cont.
Finally in 1598, Henry IV signed the Edict of Nantes, which called for an end to fighting between the two Christian groups
It also offered protection to Huguenots in France

11. The Wars of Religion The Thirty Years’ War
Began when Protestant rebels threw 2 Catholics out a castle window
Brought devastation to central Europe, especially Germany
Approximately 1/3 of Germany’s population died
Ended in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia, which did the same thing as the Peace of Augsburg had in the 1500s

12. One of the outcomes of the Protestant Reformation, was that Europe became more divided.