1. Medhanit Asfaw(MPH) Mitike Molla(PhD) December 7, 2011
Sexual Violence and its Consequence Among Female Night School Students in Hawassa Town: A cross-sectional study
Medhanit Asfaw(MPH)
Mitike Molla(PhD)
December 7, 2011

2. Presentation outline Introduction Objectives Methodology
Result and discussion
Limitation and strength
Conclusion and recommendation
Acknowledgement

3. Introduction WHO definition-
any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances against a person’s sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting, including but not limited to home and work (WHO, 2002)

4. Forms and Magnitude of Sexual Violence
Rape
1 in 5 women suffered complete/attempted rape
Coercion
48% of women aged report their first sexual debut as coerced
Verbal threats
Unwanted touching/physical advance
1 in 3 women abused in her lifetime by someone known to her
Harassment to have sex
Abuse using physical force
Most victims are below the age of 25yrs
Source: WHO, 2002, SIDA, 2008,
WHO, 2009

5. Magnitude cont… In Ethiopia
The prevalence completed rape ranges from 5%-21.2% among female students (school based studies)
Known perpetrators were responsible for > 50% of the events
58%-78% of female students experienced sexual harassment (school based studies)
However, research among young adults attending night school limited

6. Objectives General Specific
to assess level of sexual violence and its consequence among female night school students
Specific
To determine the magnitude of sexual violence
To assess factors associated with sexual violence
To identify the outcomes of sexual violence

7. Methodology Settings- Hawassa town Design- Cross-Sectional
Study popn- Female night school students , age >15yrs
Sample size determination-
P=12.7%
d=3% n= (Zα/2)2 p(1-p) d2
Zα/2 =95%
Plus 10% contingency
Total sample size was 520

8. Methodology cont… Sampling Method- SRS
Data collection tools, procedure and quality mgt-
standardized questionnaire adopted from WHO multi- country questionnaire used
Pre test was conducted on 8% of the sample size
Data analysis
data was coded, entered, and analyzed with EPI info and SPSS for Windows version 16.0

9. Results and Discussion
Socio-demographic characteristics
99.2% of response rate
67.4% junior primary school students
Mean age yrs
60.1% Protestants by religion
51.6% raised in urban areas
Concerning marital status 72.9% have never been married before

10. Table 1: Substance Use among Female Night School Students in Hawassa Town, Feb 2011(n=526)
variable
Frequency
Percent
Khat
yes 38
7.4 no
478
92.6
Alcohol 58
11.2
458
88.8
Smoke 12
2.3
504
97.7

11. Table 2: sexual history among female night time students in Hawassa Town, Feb 2011
Variable
frequency
Percent
sexual debut(n=516) No
265
51.4
Yes
251
48.6
Mean age year
age at first sexual debut(n=251)
10-14 years 57
22.7
15-19year
173
68.9
>19year 21
8.4
lifetime sexual partner(n=251)
None 24
9.6
One
159
63.3
two and above 68
27.1
sex in the past 12 month(n=251) 86
34.3
165
65.7

12. Fig 1: Reasons to have first sexual initiation among female students in Hawassa, Feb 2011(n=251)

13. Magnitude of sexual violence
86.4% lifetime sexual violence
Inconsistent with the study done in Mekele, Debark and in Butajira ( ) which ranges from 35% %
14% lifetime completed rape
Similar findings were obtained from Jimma and Addis Ababa
85.7% of the perpetrators were known to the victims as the study from Addis Ababa, Adigrat and Tanzania

14. 83.3% of rape victims did not report to the legal body
Due to
victims did not know where to go and ashamed of the it
Fear of stigma, afraid of parents and perpetrators
26.6% lifetime attempted rape
Which is higher than other studies from Addis Ababa, Debark, South Africa(cross-sectional 2004), Chill, Jimma (cross-sectional 2007) ranges 9.1%-20.4%

15. Figure2: Mechanisms used to escape attempted rape among night school female students in Hawassa, Feb 2011

16. logistic regression results showing the association between lifetime rape and selected variables in Hawassa, Feb 2010
variables
Lifetime rape no
Lifetime Rape yes
crude OR(95% CI)
adj OR(95% CI)
Age
15-19 years
267(91.1%)
26(8.9%)
1.00
20-24 years
102(81.0%)
24(19.0%)
2.45( )
1.02( )
above 24 years
75(77.3%)
22(22.7%)
3.01( )
1.23( )
live with
Family
309(90.1%)
34(9.9%)
Alone
43(74.1%)
15(25.9%)
3.17( )
1.44( )
with friends
22(73.3%)
8(26.7%)
3.31( )
1.03( )
house maid
70(82.4%)
15(17.6%)
1.95( )
2.07( )
grow up(childhood)
urban here
97(93.3%)
7(6.7%)
urban else
139(85.8%)
23(14.2%)
2.29( )
2.71( )
rural else
155(82.9%)
32(17.1%)
2.86( )
4.01( )
rural here
53(84.1%)
10(15.9%)
2.63( )
3.17( )

17. marital status Married
79(84.0%)
15(16.0%)
1.00
never married
331(88.0%)
45(12.0%)
0.72( )
1.82( )
cohabitated
6(66.7%)
3(33.3%)
2.63( )
0.95( )
Single
28(75.7%)
9(24.3%)
1.69( )
1.32( )
lifetime sexual partners
None
276(95.5%)
13(4.5%)
One
134(84.3%)
25(15.7%)
3.96( )
6.59( )
two and above
34(50.0%)
21.23( )
25.93( )
sexual activity in the last 12 months No
321(91.5%)
30(8.5%)
Yes
123(74.5%)
42(25.5%)
3.65( )
0.69( )
Alcohol
413(90.2%)
45(9.8%)
31(53.4%)
27(46.6%)
7.99(
3.14( )

18. Outcomes related to sexual violence
33.3% unwanted pregnancy
11.1% reported unusual vaginal discharge
34.7% reported injury around the genitalia
16.7% reported abortion
37.5% depression among victims
Due to:
No chance to use condoms
Appropriate treatment

19. Limitation Lack of triangulation
The understanding of the female students about rape and attempted rape may underestimate the magnitude

20. Conclusion
Alcohol consumption, having more than one lifetime sexual partner and raised in rural area were contributing factors
Unwanted reproductive outcomes like unintended pregnancy, abortion and suicidal ideation had affected the lives of girls in the study
Night time female students are at risk of STI/HIV because of rape and sexual coercion

21. Recommendation Empower girls to stand for their sexual right
Life skill training to prevent sexual violence
Creating safe routes for students on their way to and from school or other community activities
Involving male in the fight against sexual violence
Community based intervention efforts for coordinated violence and substance use prevention programs

22. Acknowledgement Dr. Mitike Molla
Dr. Nigussie Deyessa and Dr. Alemayehu Worku
CORHA
All study participants
My families and friends
ICASA

23. Zero tolerance towards sexual violence Thank you Amesegnalehu