1. Some Basic Chemistry

2. Review Terms Elements Molecule Atom Molecular Mass Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
Isotope
Electron Shells
Compound
Molecule
Molecular Mass
Chemical Reactions
Solute
Solvent

3. Bonds
Ionic Bonds- Transfer of electrons

5. Bonds
Covalent- Sharing of electrons

7. Polar- Shared unequally
Nonpolar- Shared equally

8. Nonpolar
Polar

10. Bonds
Hydrogen Bond- Between hydrogen of one molecule and oxygen or nitrogen of another molecule

12. Sketch a molecule of water. Consider:
The type of bond that holds atoms within a molecule of water together
The type of bond that holds molecules of water together
How many water molecules can bind together?

13. Water 75% of a cell is water Polar Covalent Bond (Oxygen is negative)
Any 1 water molecule can form up to 4 hydrogen bonds

15. Water
Water is both cohesive and adhesive

16. Water
Cohesion- holding together of like substances

17. Water
Surface Tension- Due to cohesion

18. Water
Adhesion- holding together of different substances

19. Water
Capillary Action: Allows water to rise against gravity

20. Water Has high Specific Heat
Takes a lot of heat to raise its temperature and cools more slowly
High Thermal Conductivity- heat spreads quickly

21. Water A good Evaporative Coolant
Water vapor carries away a lot of heat. (molecules with most energy go away, taking heat)

22. Water
Allows organisms to stay cool
Sweating
Panting

24. Water Water is a solvent of ions and other polar molecules
Nonpolar substances do not dissolve (fats and oils)

27. pH Scale Measures the amount of H+ and OH- ions in water.
Acids release more H+ ions
Bases release more OH- ions (or one that accepts more H+)

29. Buffers
Keep pH consistent
Take up or release H+ ions or OH- ions