1. St. Petersburg, 2016

2. Lecture 3. The premises of revival of the ancient ideal of science and beauty
Alexander A. Lvov, PhD.
St. Petersburg, 2016

3. Agenda General review of the Renaissance Humanism and Reformation
The premises of the rise of experimental knowledge

4. General review of the Renaissance
The very term “Renaissance” as a characteristics of a certain period of history was coined by Jules Michelet (1798 – 1874)
General review of the Renaissance
In 1860 Jacob Burckhardt published his book “” Якоб Буркхард публикует книгу «Культура Италии в эпоху Возрождения»
Francesco Petrarch (1304 – 1374) was the first who named the period of VI – X centuries as «the Dark Ages», focusing upon literature and culture of classical Antiquity in his works
Giorgio Vasari (1511 – 1574) characterized the Renaissance as a period of revival of ancient ideal of beauty

5. General review of the Renaissance
There are four stages in the Renaissance:
Pre-Renaissance (2nd half XIII — XIV century)
Early Renaissance (beginning XV — enf XV century)
High Renaissance (end XV — two first decades XVI century)
Late Renaissance (mid-XVI — 90s XVI century)
General review of the Renaissance
«Renaissance indeed becomes so to say a laboratory for considering the perspectives and trends of our time, because it is not only the premise of Cartesian rationality, but its overcoming as well…»
Prof. K. A. Sergeev. The Renaissance Foundations of Anthropocentrism

6. General review of the Renaissance
The main ideas of the Renaissance
Anthropocentrism (a human being is a microcosm in the macrocosm)
General review of the Renaissance
The idea of humanitas (hence the concept of humanism)
The discovery of ancient ideal of scholarship and art (riot against dogmatic authority and imitation of the ancient)
«A man of Renaissance realized himself a successor of brilliant antiquity, and in its imitation he did his best to be an artist in life as such. That is why he put in forward the aesthetics of existence, and he revived the “aesthetic” cosmos of the ancient first of all, making a opposing it to the “ethic” universe of the Church Fathers».
Prof. K. A. Sergeev. The Renaissance Foundations of Anthropocentrism

7. General review of the Renaissance
Those who created Renaissance (1)
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (1386 – 1466)
General review of the Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519)
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 – 1564)
Raffaello Sanzio (1483 – 1520)
Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528)
Hans Holbein the Younger (1497 – 1543)

8. General review of the Renaissance
Those who created Renaissance (2)
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (1386 – 1466)
General review of the Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519)
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 – 1564)
Raffaello Sanzio (1483 – 1520)
Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528)
Hans Holbein the Younger (1497 – 1543)
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463 – 1494)
Erasmus of Rotterdam (1469 – 1536)
Sir Thomas More(1478 – 1535)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 – 1527)

9. General review of the Renaissance
Those who created Renaissance (3)
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (1386 – 1466)
General review of the Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519)
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 – 1564)
Raffaello Sanzio (1483 – 1520)
Albrecht Dürer(1471 – 1528)
Hans Holbein the Younger (1497 – 1543)
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463 – 1494)
Erasmus of Rotterdam (1469 – 1536)
Sir Thomas More(1478 – 1535)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 – 1527)
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 – 1543)
Giordano Bruno (1548 – 1600)

10. poetry rhetoric science Humanism and Reformation
Dante Alighieri (1265 – 1321) – the world system in “The Divine Comedy”
Development of the scientific world picture (Copernicus, Bruno, Galileo…)
poetry
rhetoric
science
Eloquence as a type of historical consciousness and self-understanding
The concept of worldview, world picture
«Not the world picture turns into the Modern from the former Medieval, but the whole world becomes a picture, which characterizes
the essence of the Modernity»
M. Heidegger. Die Zeit des Weltbildes

11. The Engagement of Joseph and Mary
Humanism and Reformation
Linear and reverse perspective as a typical paradigm of the Renaissance
Perugino
The Engagement of Joseph and Mary
Andrei Rublev
Trinity

12. Michelangelo. David Apollo Belvedere
Humanism and Reformation
The ideal of ancient art
The Kings of Notre Dame’s facade.
Michelangelo. David
Apollo Belvedere

13. Humanism and Reformation
Reformation and Protestantism appears as a reaction to secular and clerical policy of the Catholic church
Martin Luther (1483 – 1546)
Holy Inquisition
Counter-Reformation
Index Librorum Prohibitorum
Huldrych Zwingli (1484 – 1531)
Henry VIII Tudor (1491 – 1547)
John Calvin (1509 – 1564)

14. Alchemy and Hermeticism
The premises of the rise of
experimental knowledge
Alchemy and Hermeticism
The word ‘Hermeticism’ comes from the name of Hermes Trismegistus, the legendary magus and wizard of ancient times.
On the one hand, Hermes was considered to be the author of various alchemic treatises (the tradition of authority)…
…on the other, there appears the tendency to experimental science (Roger Bacon, Paracelsus, John Dee, etc.)

15. The appearance of heliocentric system of the world
The premises of the rise of
experimental knowledge
The appearance of heliocentric system of the world
Ptolemy’s Geocentric model 
Copernicus’s Heliocentrism

16. The premises of the rise of experimental knowledge
Giordano Bruno developed the doctrine of multiplicity of worlds and hylozoism;
Bernardino Telesio argued the importance of the empirical study of nature and demonstration;
Paracelsus, Leonardo and Andreas Vesalius lay the basis of modern anatomy
N. Machiavelli and G. Pontano studied the principles of scientific organization of power (the origin of political studies)
Michel Montaigne developed a genre of philosophical prose, the essay
Карл Саган.
Sir Thomas More
Francis Bacon
Tommaso Campanella
The first utopias

17. Thank you for your attention!
St. Petersburg, 2016