1. Chapter 15 – Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
Sensory Receptors I
Sensory Receptors II
What’s Your Perception?
Information Superhighway
Stop & Ask for Directions
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FINAL ROUND

2. Sensory Receptors I: $100 Question
Receptor A has a circular receptive field with a diameter of 2.5 cm. Receptor B has a circular receptive field of 7.0 cm in diameter. Which receptor allows you to more precisely localize a stimulus?
a. Receptor A
b. They would provide the same precision of sensory information.
c. Receptor B
d. It would depend upon the location of the receptors
ANSWER
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3. Sensory Receptors I: $100 Answer
Receptor A has a circular receptive field with a diameter of 2.5 cm. Receptor B has a circular receptive field of 7.0 cm in diameter. Which receptor allows you to more precisely localize a stimulus?
a. Receptor A
b. They would provide the same precision of sensory information
c. Receptor B
d. It would depend upon the location of the receptors
BACK TO GAME

4. Sensory Receptors I: $200 Question
Nociceptors are ___ receptors. To what categories of sensations are nociceptors sensitive?
a. Thermoreceptors / extremes of temperature and changes in vibration
b. Pain / extremes of temperature, mechanical damage and chemicals released from injured cells
c. Pain / changes in pressure or stretch in muscles
d. Chemoreceptors / changes in concentration of chemicals or compounds
ANSWER
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5. Sensory Receptors I: $200 Answer
Nociceptors are ___ receptors. To what categories of sensations are nociceptors sensitive?
a. Thermoreceptors / extremes of temperature and changes in vibration
b. Pain / extremes of temperature, mechanical damage and chemicals released from injured cells
c. Pain / changes in pressure or stretch in muscles
d. Chemoreceptors / changes in concentration of chemicals or compounds
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6. Sensory Receptors I: $300 Question
Distinguishing facts concerning tonic receptors include all of the following except:
a. Tonic receptors are always active.
b. The frequency of action potential generation indicates the background level of stimulation.
c. Tonic receptors are active for a short time whenever a change occurs in conditions monitored
d. When a stimulus increases or decreases the rate of action potential generation changes.
ANSWER
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7. Sensory Receptors I: $300 Answer
Distinguishing facts concerning tonic receptors include all of the following except:
a. Tonic receptors are always active.
b. The frequency of action potential generation indicates the background level of stimulation.
c. Tonic receptors are active for a short time whenever a change occurs in conditions monitored
d. When a stimulus increases or decreases the rate of action potential generation changes.
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8. Sensory Receptors I: $400 Question
Which of the following is incorrect concerning chemoreceptors?
a. They exhibit peripheral adaptation over a few seconds.
b. We are not consciously aware of the sensations they provide.
c. Information is routed through the cerebral cortex for control of respiratory and cardiovascular function.
d. Chemoreceptive neurons are located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies.
ANSWER
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9. Sensory Receptors I: $400 Answer
Which of the following is incorrect concerning chemoreceptors?
a. They exhibit peripheral adaptation over a few seconds.
b. We are not consciously aware of the sensations they provide.
c. Information is routed through the cerebral cortex for control of respiratory and cardiovascular function.
d. Chemoreceptive neurons are located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies.
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10. Sensory Receptors I: $500 Question
Which type of tactile receptor gives you the most information about location size and shape of the source of stimulation?
a. Root hair plexus
b. Free nerve endings
c. Tactile (Merkel’s) discs
d. Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
ANSWER
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11. Sensory Receptors I: $500 Answer
Which type of tactile receptor gives you the most information about location size and shape of the source of stimulation?
a. Root hair plexus
b. Free nerve endings
c. Tactile (Merkel’s) discs
d. Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
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12. Sensory Receptors II: $100 Question
Which type of general sensory receptor is correctly paired with its function?
a. Mechanoreceptor / detect changes in temperature
b. Chemoreceptors / sensitive to stimuli that distort their cell membranes
c. Thermoreceptors / detect changes in concentration of specific chemicals or compounds
d. None of these is correctly paired
ANSWER
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13. Sensory Receptors II: $100 Answer
Which type of general sensory receptor is correctly paired with its function?
a. Mechanoreceptor / detect changes in temperature
b. Chemoreceptors / sensitive to stimuli that distort their cell membranes
c. Thermoreceptors / detect changes in concentration of specific chemicals or compounds
d. None of these is correctly paired
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14. Sensory Receptors II: $200 Question
What type of fibers carry information about itch and tickle sensations?
a. Unmyelinated Type C fibers
b. Myelinated Type A fibers
c. All nociceptors
d. None of these is correct.
ANSWER
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15. Sensory Receptors II: $200 Answer
What type of fibers carry information about itch and tickle sensations?
a. Unmyelinated Type C fibers
b. Myelinated Type A fibers
c. All nociceptors
d. None of these is correct.
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16. Sensory Receptors II: $300 Question
Baroreceptors are located in all of the following locations, except ____?
a. Blood vessels
b. Respiratory tract
c. Carotid bodies
d. Digestive tract
ANSWER
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17. Sensory Receptors II: $300 Answer
Baroreceptors are located in all of the following locations, except ____?
a. Blood vessels
b. Respiratory tract
c. Carotid bodies
d. Digestive tract
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18. Sensory Receptors II: $400 Question
What would happen if the information from proprioceptors in your legs were blocked from reaching the CNS?
a. You would not experience pain sensations from your legs
b. Your lower limb movements would be uncoordinated.
c. You wouldn’t know position or degree of stretch in tendons of your legs
d. B and C are correct
ANSWER
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19. Sensory Receptors II: $400 Answer
What would happen if the information from proprioceptors in your legs were blocked from reaching the CNS?
a. You would not experience pain sensations from your legs
b. Your lower limb movements would be uncoordinated.
c. You wouldn’t know position or degree of stretch in tendons of your legs
d. B and C are correct
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20. Sensory Receptors II: $500 Question
Someone is gently brushing your arm with a feather. Which type of receptor is stimulated?
a. Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles
b. Tactile (Merkel’s) discs
c. Root Hair plexuses
d. All of the above are correct.
ANSWER
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21. Sensory Receptors II: $500 Answer
Someone is gently brushing your arm with a feather. Which type of receptor is stimulated?
a. Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles
b. Tactile (Merkel’s) discs
c. Root Hair plexuses
d. All of the above are correct.
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22. What’s Your Perception?: $100 Question
A patient who describes their pain as “prickling” is experiencing pain sensations carried by?
a. Substance P
b. Unmyelinated Type C fibers
c. Glutamate
d. Myelinated Type A fibers
ANSWER
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23. What’s Your Perception?: $100 Answer
A patient who describes their pain as “prickling” is experiencing pain sensations carried by?
a. Substance P
b. Unmyelinated Type C fibers
c. Glutamate
d. Myelinated Type A fibers
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24. What’s Your Perception?: $200 Question
The cerebellum monitors proprioceptive information for which two senses?
a. Visual and hearing
b. Hearing and postural information
c. Taste and smell
d. Vestibular and visual
ANSWER
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25. What’s Your Perception?: $200 Answer
The cerebellum monitors proprioceptive information for which two senses?
a. Visual and hearing
b. Hearing and postural information
c. Taste and smell
d. Vestibular and visual
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26. What’s Your Perception?: $300 Question
If a sensation is to reach your conscious awareness, there must be a synapse with a ___ in the ___?
a. First-order neuron / thalamus
b. Second-order neuron / primary sensory cortex
c. First-order neuron / dorsal root ganglion
d. Third-order neuron / thalamus
ANSWER
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27. What’s Your Perception?: $300 Answer
If a sensation is to reach your conscious awareness, there must be a synapse with a ___ in the ___?
a. First-order neuron / thalamus
b. Second-order neuron / primary sensory cortex
c. First-order neuron / dorsal root ganglion
d. Third-order neuron / thalamus
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28. What’s Your Perception?: $400 Question
Which of the following has occurred if you no longer notice the smell of a dirty cat litter box?
a. Peripheral adaptation
b. Anosmia
c. Sensory coding
d. Central adaptation
ANSWER
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29. What’s Your Perception?: $400 Answer
Which of the following has occurred if you no longer notice the smell of a dirty cat litter box?
a. Peripheral adaptation
b. Anosmia
c. Sensory coding
d. Central adaptation
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30. What’s Your Perception?: $500 Question
If transduction does not occur, what do you perceive about a stimulus?
a. It is stronger than usual.
b. It is as though the stimulus did not take place and you feel nothing.
c. UV light was not converted into part of the visible spectrum.
d. It is weaker than usual.
ANSWER
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31. What’s Your Perception?: $500 Answer
If transduction does not occur, what do you perceive about a stimulus?
a. It is stronger than usual.
b. It is as though the stimulus did not take place and you feel nothing.
c. UV light was not converted into part of the visible spectrum.
d. It is weaker than usual.
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32. Information Superhighway: $100 Question
As a result of pressure on her spinal cord, Jill cannot feel touch or pressure on her lower limbs. Which spinal tract is being compressed?
a. Fasciculus cuneatus
b. Fasciculus gracilis
c. Lateral spinothalamic tract
d. Anterior spinothalamic tract
ANSWER
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33. Information Superhighway: $100 Answer
As a result of pressure on her spinal cord, Jill cannot feel touch or pressure on her lower limbs. Which spinal tract is being compressed?
a. Fasciculus cuneatus
b. Fasciculus gracilis
c. Lateral spinothalamic tract
d. Anterior spinothalamic tract
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34. Information Superhighway: $200 Question
Which of the following motor pathways remains uncrossed along its length?
a. Vestibulospinal tract
b. Tectospinal tract
c. Anterior corticospinal tract
d. Lateral corticospinal tract
ANSWER
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35. Information Superhighway: $200 Answer
Which of the following motor pathways remains uncrossed along its length?
a. Vestibulospinal tract
b. Tectospinal tract
c. Anterior corticospinal tract
d. Lateral corticospinal tract
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36. Information Superhighway: $300 Question
Which spinal tract carries action potentials generated by nociceptors?
a. Fasciculus cuneatus
b. Fasciculus gracilis
c. Lateral spinothalamic tract
d. Anterior spinothalamic tract
ANSWER
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37. Information Superhighway: $300 Answer
Which spinal tract carries action potentials generated by nociceptors?
a. Fasciculus cuneatus
b. Fasciculus gracilis
c. Lateral spinothalamic tract
d. Anterior spinothalamic tract
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38. Information Superhighway: $400 Question
The ___ carries sensation of highly localized (fine) touch, while the ___ provides conscious sensations of poorly localized (crude) touch?
a. Posterior column pathway / anterior spinothalamic tract
b. Fasciculus gracilis / fasciculus cuneatus
c. Spinocerebellar pathway / lateral spinothalamic tracts
d. Spinothalamic pathway / spinocerebellar pathway
ANSWER
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39. Information Superhighway: $400 Answer
The ___ carries sensation of highly localized (fine) touch, while the ___ provides conscious sensations of poorly localized (crude) touch?
a. Posterior column pathway / anterior spinothalamic tract
b. Fasciculus gracilis / fasciculus cuneatus
c. Spinocerebellar pathway / lateral spinothalamic tracts
d. Spinothalamic pathway / spinocerebellar pathway
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40. Information Superhighway: $500 Question
What is unusual about the posterior spinocerebellar tracts when compared with other ascending pathways?
a. The decussation of axons in the medulla innervate motor neurons on the opposite side of the body.
b. Axons enter the posterior spinothalamic tract on the same side of the body.
c. They are the only tracts to carry information about referred pain.
d. They carry information along visceral sensory pathways.
ANSWER
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41. Information Superhighway: $500 Answer
What is unusual about the posterior spinocerebellar tracts when compared with other ascending pathways?
a. The decussation of axons in the medulla innervate motor neurons on the opposite side of the body.
b. Axons enter the posterior spinothalamic tract on the same side of the body.
c. They are the only tracts to carry information about referred pain.
d. They carry information along visceral sensory pathways.
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42. Stop & Ask For Directions: $100 Question
An injury involving the superior portion of the motor cortex affects which region of the body?
a. Upper portion of the lower limb
b. Upper limb
c. Lower leg and foot
d. Both A and B
ANSWER
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43. Stop & Ask For Directions: $100 Answer
An injury involving the superior portion of the motor cortex affects which region of the body?
a. Upper portion of the lower limb
b. Upper limb
c. Lower leg and foot
d. Both A and B
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44. Stop & Ask For Directions: $200 Question
For what anatomical reason does the left side of the brain control motor function on the right side of the body?
a. Motor function is controlled by a system two neurons
b. Motor function is controlled by cranial reflexes
c. The motor area devoted to a particular area becomes larger
d. Decussation of axons
ANSWER
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45. Stop & Ask For Directions: $200 Answer
For what anatomical reason does the left side of the brain control motor function on the right side of the body?
a. Motor function is controlled by a system two neurons
b. Motor function is controlled by cranial reflexes
c. The motor area devoted to a particular area becomes larger
d. Decussation of axons
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46. Stop & Ask For Directions: $300 Question
Parkinson’s disease manifests which of the following abnormalities?
a. The motor cortex ceases receiving messages from sensory neurons.
b. Excitatory neurons in the basal nuclei become more active, leading to faulty control of voluntary movements.
c. Axons that synapse in the thalamus no longer convey messages to the motor cortex.
d. GABA is released by neurons in excessive amounts.
ANSWER
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47. Stop & Ask For Directions: $300 Answer
Parkinson’s disease manifests which of the following abnormalities?
a. The motor cortex ceases receiving messages from sensory neurons.
b. Excitatory neurons in the basal nuclei become more active, leading to faulty control of voluntary movements.
c. Axons that synapse in the thalamus no longer convey messages to the motor cortex.
d. GABA is released by neurons in excessive amounts.
BACK TO GAME

48. Stop & Ask For Directions: $400 Question
Why does the motor homunculus depict the hands, face, and tongue hugely out of proportion?
a. The brain area devoted to using those regions is vast.
b. More motor units are needed for fine control of those areas.
c. The cortical areas mapped for controlling those areas overlap with the sensory regions controlling those areas.
d. A and C are correct.
ANSWER
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49. Stop & Ask For Directions: $400 Answer
Why does the motor homunculus depict the hands, face, and tongue hugely out of proportion?
a. The brain area devoted to using those regions is vast.
b. More motor units are needed for fine control of those areas.
c. The cortical areas mapped for controlling those areas overlap with the sensory regions controlling those areas.
d. A and C are correct.
BACK TO GAME

50. Stop & Ask For Directions: $500 Question
The medial pathway controls ____, whereas the lateral pathway controls _____.
a. Gross movements of the trunk and proximal limb muscles / distal limb muscles and precise movement
b. Background patterns of movement / transmits motor impulses from the cerebrum to the spinal cord
c. Subconscious control of balance and muscle tone / subconscious control of reflex activity
d. None of these is correct.
ANSWER
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51. Stop & Ask For Directions: $500 Answer
The medial pathway controls ____, whereas the lateral pathway controls _____.
a. Gross movements of the trunk and proximal limb muscles / distal limb muscles and precise movement
b. Background patterns of movement / transmits motor impulses from the cerebrum to the spinal cord
c. Subconscious control of balance and muscle tone / subconscious control of reflex activity
d. None of these is correct.
BACK TO GAME

52. FINAL ROUND Question
Why is cerebellar control over well-practiced movements, such as swinging a baseball bat, important?
a. Voluntary movements begin with activation of far fewer motor units than necessary.
b. Concentrating on voluntary control using the motor cortex disrupts the pattern and rhythm.
c. Patterns of movement are unchanging.
d. Both A and B
ANSWER
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53. FINAL ROUND Answer
Why is cerebellar control over well-practiced movements, such as swinging a baseball bat, important?
a. Voluntary movements begin with activation of far fewer motor units than necessary.
b. Concentrating on voluntary control using the motor cortex disrupts the pattern and rhythm.
c. Patterns of movement are unchanging.
d. Both A and B
BACK TO GAME