1. Animals: Invertebrates

2. Characteristics of Invertebrates
What is the difference between a vertebrate and an invertebrate?
Vertebrates are animals with a backbone, invertebrate are animals without a backbone
Do you think there are more vertebrates or invertebrate?
Invertebrates make up 90% of all animal species
All animals, including invertebrates are multicellular, and most have specialized cells

3. Sponges Grows attached to one spot on the ocean floor
Body of sponges have many pores, or holes
Moving ocean water carries food and oxygen through the pores into the sponge
At the same time it releases waste products into the water
Sponges function on their own

4. Coelenterates All contain a central cavity with only one opening
Have a cup-shaped body
Most of their mouths are surrounded by tentacles with stinging cells called nematocysts
They use these stingers to kill or stun other animals
Once food is stunned and eaten, waste product will exit through the same opening
Unlike sponges, coelenterates contain groups of cells that perform specialized functions
Examples: coral, sea anemones, jellyfish

5. Corals Corals, like all coelenterates, are soft-bodied organisms
They use minerals in the water to build a hard protective covering of limestone
Corals live together in colonies, grow into wide variety of shapes and colors
Algae live inside coral’s body and help make them food

7. Sea Anemones
Look like underwater flowers
Have stinging cells that poison fish when they swim over , then they eat the fish
Clownfish, however, are not harmed by the anemones
Jellyfish
Can deliver a painful poison through its stinging cells
Also use their tentacles to gather food
Move by jet propulsion
Overview video

8. Worms Worms take part in the formation of some pearls
They act as an irritant
Worms are classified into 3 groups
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms

9. Flatworms
Have flat bodies and live in ponds and streams
Can regrow missing or cut off body parts
Examples: Planarians , and tapeworm(attach themselves to a host and takes food and water from it)
Roundworms
Resemble strands of spaghetti
Food passes from the mouth end to the tail end through a digestive tube
Trichinosis is a disease caused by eating pork containing roundworms, that is painful and harmful to cure

10. Segmented Worms Example: Earthworm
Have a digestive system with a crop and gizzard
Crop is a saclike organ that stored food
Gizzard grinds up food and then passes it into the worm’s intestine
Closed circulatory system
Moist skin for gas exchange
Sexual reproductive system
Simple nervous system

11. Mollusks “Mollusks” means soft in Latin
Examples are snails, clams, octopus, and squids
Mollusks have a soft fleshy body
Most have a strong muscular foot
Head region contains the mouth and sense organs such as the eyes
A soft mantle covers much of the body, this produces the material that make up the hard shell
Grouped according to characteristics such as a shell presence, shell type, and foot type

12. One-Shelled Mollusks Two-shelled Mollusks
Called univalves
Only have 1 shell
Have interesting features in their mouths called radula
It resembles a file and is used to file off bits of plant matter into smaller pieces to be swallowed
Two-shelled Mollusks
Called bivalves
Have two shells
Move through the water by clapping their two shells together, which force water out between the shells
Do not have radula
Often called filter feeders since they spend most of their time straining the water for food

13. Head-Footed Mollusks Most highly developed mollusks
Include the octopus, squid, and the nautilus
Most do not have an outer shell, but have some type of shell somewhere on their bodies
Move by water propulsion
Watch video “Mollusks”

14. Spiny-Skinned Animals
Spiny-skinned animals are invertebrates with rough, spiny skin
Starfish, sand dollar, sea cucumber, sea urchins
Starfish are not really fish they are a type of spiny-skinned animal
Have 5 or more arms with tubes that resemble suction cups on the bottom of them
These tubes help the animal move and help open clam shells to eat them

16. Arthropods Most successful invertebrates on the earth
The name arthropod mean jointed legs
Their jointed legs and exoskeleton are main characteristics
An exoskeleton is a ridge outer covering, it does not grow as the animal grows
Some types are crustaceans, centipedes, millipedes, arachnids, and insects

17. Centipedes/Millipedes
Crustaceans
Centipedes/Millipedes
Described as worms with legs
Centipedes have 1 pair of legs on each segment, while millipedes have 2
Centipedes eat animals, millipedes eat plants
Centipedes can inject poison, while millipedes cannot
Examples: crabs, lobsters, crayfish, and shrimp
All live in a watery environment
Obtain oxygen from the water through their gills
Bodies are divided into segments
Arachnids
Includes spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites
Bodies are divided into 2 main sections
Head-chest section
Abdominal section
Very in shape and size, however, all have 8 legs

18. INSECTS
Section 10-8
There are more kinds of insects than all other animal species combined.
It is estimated that there are over 300 MILLION insects for every single person alive on the earth!

19. INSECTS Insects can fly They vary in appearance
A little about insects!
Insects can fly
They vary in appearance
Insects eat the plants we use for food
Others eat the clothes we wear
Some even eat your house!

20. INSECTS Insect Anatomy Divided into three main sections
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
Insects have three pairs of legs
Most have wings
Have an open circulatory system
Their blood is not contained in blood vessels

21. INSECTS Insects have compound eyes We have simple eyes
Simple vs Compound Eye
Insects have compound eyes
More than one lens
We have simple eyes
Only one lens

23. INSECTS
METAPHORSIS
Insects go through several stages of growth and development
Many change in appearance
Different stages include
Eggs
Larva: stage that the insect emerges from the egg
Pupa: stage in an insects life when it is wrapped in a cocoon.
Adult

25. INSECTS Most lead solitary lives Insects attract mates in differ ways
One way is by giving off a scent called a pheromones

26. INSECTS
Other insects are known as social insect, they cannot survive alone, these insect form colonies
Example: ants, bees, termites, wasp

27. INSECTS Insects have many defense mechanisms to aid their survival
camouflage