1. Traumatic Brain Injury

2. Traumatic Brain Injuries
Definition:
An insult to the brain, not of a degenerative or congenital nature but caused by an external physical force.

3. Skull Anatomy
Bony ridges

4. Skull Anatomy
Injury to frontal lobe from contact with the skull

5. Lobes of the Cerebrum Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Limbic Lobe Occipital
Temporal
Lobe

6. The Frontal Lobe

7. Frontal Lobe Injury

8. Temporal Lobe

9. Temporal Lobe Injury

10. Parietal Lobe

11. Side Impact Injuries May Impact the Parietal Lobe

12. Occipital Lobe

13. Occipital Lobe Damage

14. The Limbic System

15. Classifications of Brain Injuries
Open
Closed

16. I- Open injuries:→ penetrating types of wounds →a gunshot, knife, or other sharp object.

17. II- Closed or intracranial injury:
-Closed injury →an impact to the head, but the skull does not fracture.

18. Subtypes of Closed Head Injuries
Concussion
Contusion
Hematomas

19. Contrecoup injury – brain hits skull

20. III- Hematomas
A- Epidural hematomas → form between the dura mater and the skull.
Epidural Hematoma

21. B- subdural hematoma: → acute venous hemorrhage → rupture to the cortical bridging veins.

22. Subdural Hematoma

23. Secondary Problems Increased Intracranial Pressure. Anoxic Injuries.
Post-traumatic Epilepsy.

24. Patient Examination & Evaluation
Glasgow Coma Scale: → assess the individual's level of arousal and function of the cerebral cortex.

25. Classifying the Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury
1- Mild → 2- Moderate → 3- Severe →

26. Thank You