1. 5. ARTS AND SCIENCES
5.1. Arts
Culture was transmitted through the spread of Latin (why is it important?).
Legislation: used for centuries
Philosophy: Cicero and Seneca (*treatises)
Literture: poetry and theatre (e.g. Virgil’s Aeneid)
History: Julius Caesar, Tacitus, Plutarch, and Livy.
5.2. Sciences
Advances in medicine—Galen
The Julian calendar

2. 6. ARCHITECTURE AND ART 6.1. Architecture
The Romans constructed a lot of public buildings and engineering works, some of which still stand today.
Materials: stone, bricks, wood and mortar (a mixture of water, sand and lime)
Architectural elements: semicircular arch, vault, Greek columns and composite columns (a mixture of Ionic and Corinthian)
Buildings: aqueduct, amphitheatre, circus, basilica, roads, triumphal arch, theatre, thermal baths, temple, bridges.

3. (architecture continued) See pages 192-193 Guess what the following Roman constructions are…
Aqueduct of Segovia

4. Triumphal Arch: Constantine’s Arch

5. Thermal bath

6. Roman bridge of Alcántara

7. Roman circus

8. Roman Theatre of Mérida

9. Roman Amphiteatre—the Colosseum

10. Roman road (Timgad, Algeria)

11. Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore (Rome)

12. H/W: Page 195, exercises 21, 22, 24, 26 and 28.
6.2. Sculpture
Two types:
Portrait: importance of the face. Could be idealised or realistic.
Historical *relief: they showed important military victories on triumphal arches and *commemorative columns.
6.3. Other art forms
Painting to decorate buildings
*Mosaics with geometric designs or daily life/mythological scenes.
Trajan’s column
detail
H/W: Page 195, exercises 21, 22, 24, 26 and 28.