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Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Ziad Hassoun, Gregory J. Gores Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages (January 2003) DOI: /jcgh Copyright © 2003 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 1 Actuarial rate of HCC development in 34 dysplastic nodules. (Data from Terasaki et al., Gastroenterology 1998;115:1216–1222.). Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 10-18DOI: ( /jcgh ) Copyright © 2003 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 2 CT scan of the liver demonstrating an early HCC. This lesion is hypervascular, thus enhancing after contrast injection and appearing as a hyperdense nodule. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 10-18DOI: ( /jcgh ) Copyright © 2003 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 3 Management algorithm for a solitary HCC nodule. PLT, platelets.
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 10-18DOI: ( /jcgh ) Copyright © 2003 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 4 Management algorithm for early HCC. OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation; PEI, percutaneous ethanol injection; RFA, radiofrequency ablation. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 10-18DOI: ( /jcgh ) Copyright © 2003 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 5 Management algorithm for large solitary or multicentric HCC.
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 10-18DOI: ( /jcgh ) Copyright © 2003 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 6 (A) HCC appearing as a hypoechoic nodule on ultrasound; (B) after PEI, the nodule becomes hyperechoic. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 10-18DOI: ( /jcgh ) Copyright © 2003 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 7 CT scan performed after RFA of HCC, showing a cystic-density lesion, thus confirming treatment success. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 10-18DOI: ( /jcgh ) Copyright © 2003 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 8 Chemoembolization. (A) The HCC nodule appears on the initial angiogram as a hypervascular lesion. (B) The angiogram performed at the end of the procedure demonstrates the occlusion of the artery feeding the tumor. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 10-18DOI: ( /jcgh ) Copyright © 2003 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
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