1. The Industrial Revolution
1750 CE – 1850 CE

2. Aim: What Sparked the Industrial Revolution?
1750 CE – 1850 CE

3. Key Terms Enclosure Smelt Enterprise Capital Entrepreneur Textile
Urbanization

4. Europeans Improved Farming Methods
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Improved agriculture leads to Industry
New Fertilizers/Soils/Crops
People are able to share ideas about agriculture

5. New Inventions Lead to Greater Industrialization
Inventor
Invention
Function
Jethro Tull
Seed Drill
Plants Seeds in Straight Rows
Thomas Newcomen
Coal Powered Steam Engine
Pumps Water out of Mines
James Watt
Steam Engine
Powers Machinery, Locomotives and Ships
Abraham Darby
Iron Smelting
Separates Iron from its Ore
John Kay
Flying Shuttle
Weaves Thread Into Cloth
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin
Cleans Seeds out of Cotton
Richard Arkwright
Water Frame
Water Powered Spinning Machine

6. Seed Drill

7. Spinning Jenny

8. Cotton Gin

9. Flying Shuttle

10. Water Frame

11. Steam Engine

12. Enclosure
Enclosure – The process of taking over and consolidating (putting together) land formerly shared by peasant farmers.
Impacts of Enclosure
Farm Output Rose
Profits Increased
Decrease in Village Population
People Migrate to towns and cities in search of work
Increase in available labor force

13. Unprecedented Population Growth Movement from farms to towns/cities
Demographic Shifts
Unprecedented Population Growth
Movement from farms to towns/cities
What caused population increase?
Food Surplus
Medical Advances
Improved Sanitation and Hygiene

14. Pollution

15. Urbanization

16. Industrial Revolution Began in England
Agricultural Revolution
Increase in Population
Natural Resources
Coal and Iron
Favorable Geography
Natural Ports
Navigable Rivers
Colonial Empire
Raw Materials
Political/Economic Stability
Capital for Investment

17. Urbanization

18. British Economy Business Class Accumulated Capital Through Slave Trade
Healthy Economy Led to the Rise of Business Enterprises
Strong Navy Provided Stability to Trade
Opportunity  Entrepreneurship

19. Britain’s Largest Industry Putting-Out System
Textile Industry
Britain’s Largest Industry
Putting-Out System
Raw cotton is sent to peasant families who spun it into thread
Ends with the invention of the Flying Shuttle
Inventions  Increased Production
Factories

20. Putting Out System

21. Factory

22. Transportation Revolution
Turnpikes
Canals
Steam Locomotive
New Improved Transportation:
Easier/Cheaper to Receive Raw Materials
Easier/Cheaper to Ship Goods and Materials

23. Railway Development By Nation

24. Overall Railway Development

25. Aim: How did the Industrial Revolution impact European Society?

26. Key Terms
Tenement
Bourgeoisie
Proletariat
Salvation
Labor Union

27. New Social Classes Bourgeoisie (New Middle Class)
Business Owners
Rags to Riches
Lived the Good Life
Industrial Working Class (Urban Poor)
Poor Factory/Mine Workers

28. What was life like for the Working Class?
Daily Life
Struggled for Survival in Dirty Slums
No Sewage or Sanitation (Stench and Pollution)
Lived in Tenements
Work Life
Harsh Working Conditions
12 – 6 Hour Work Days/6 – 7 Days a Week
No Safety Precautions
Children – Began work at 7
Family Life
More Women Workers Than Men

29. Female Factory Workers

30. Child Labor

31. Child Labor

32. How did the Poor Deal with Their Harsh Lives?
Labor Unions
Illegal/Secret Organizations
Industrial Riots
Violent Acts led by Secret Groups (i.e.. Luddites)
Religion
Methodism is founded by John Wesley
People lost Faith in Church
Stressed Personal Sense of Faith
Salvation provided hope for poor

33. Aim: How did the Industrial Revolution Change the way People Think?

34. Society is Divided Into 2 Classes:
Bourgeoisie (Haves)
Owners of the Means of Production
Hold Power
Proletariat (Have Nots)
Factory Workers
No Power

35. CAPITALISM Market Economy, Free Market
It is the economic system in which the means of production are owned by private persons, and operated for PROFIT and where investments, distribution, income production and pricing of goods and services are predominantly determined through the operation of a free market.

36. LAISSEZ – FAIRE ECONOMICS
Economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference
Theory is that without government interference the economy of the world market would prosper
Does it work? What would be some drawbacks?

37. Laissez-Faire Economics
Adam Smith – The Wealth of Nations
Free-Market Economy: Unregulated Exchange of Goods and Services
No Government Interference in the Economy

38. THOMAS MALTHUS Economist who supported Adam Smith’s Ideas.
Believed that natural laws governed basic economic life.
Wrote Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)
POPULATION THEORY
Argued that population tended to increase more rapidly than the food supply.
Only checks to population growth are war, disease and famine
Poor should limit the amount of children they have in order to preserve food supply.
These predictions seemed to be coming true in the 1840’s What stopped it from continuing?

39. DAVID RICARDO
A wealthy stockbroker, took Malthus’s theory one step further in his book Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817)
Believed permanent underclass would always be poor.
In Market system with many workers and abundant resources, then labor and resources are cheap.
With few workers and scarce resources, then they are expensive.

40. Thinker Idea(s) Adam Smith
Laissez-Faire Capitalism, Free Market Economy, Invisible Hand
Thomas Malthus
Population Theory
Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism
Robert Owen
Utopianism
Karl Marx
Communism

41. Marxism Based on the philosophy of Karl Marx
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto in 1848
Communism – A form of socialism in which there is an inevitable struggle between social classes. This struggle will lead to revolution which will create a classless society in which the means of production would be owned by the COMMUNity.

42. Socialism
People should collectively own and operate the means of production
Believe in the basic goodness of human nature
Utopianism – Ideal Society
Robert Owen established a model community
New Harmony
New Lanark

43. Utilitarianism
Goal of society should be “The Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number.”
Government Involvement in Certain Circumstances
All intervention should be useful

44. Results of Industrialization
Improved Working Conditions
Labor Unions
Suffrage
Greater Employment Opportunities
Surplus Income