1. Era of Good Feeling and Ante-Bellum Economic Growth
Market and Industrial Revolution

2. Era of Good Feeling
Growth of both nationalism and sectionalism

3. Growth of Republican Culture
Republican Motherhood
Women responsible for the morality of future citizens
Primary responsibility—caring for children and the home
Full manhood suffrage
Changed the tone of politics
Eliminated property qualifications for voting

4. Background to Economic Nationalism
Colonial manufacturing system
Centered on the household
Farmers sought self-sufficiency
England
Pioneered textile technology
Large machines in factories
Attempt to ban exports of machines or knowledgeable people

5. American Textile Industry
Samuel Slater was brought to the US
Opening of his factory marked the start of the industrial period
Capital was available from merchants
Post-war tariffs
Rivers provided cheap power
Cotton textiles
Cotton is king in the South
Samuel Slater

6. Textile Mills Located in New England Lowell system developed
Devised by the Merrimack Co. in 1822
Employers exercised paternalistic control
Young women recruited to work
Housed in dorms
Drive for profits created poor conditions

7. Economic Nationalism: Government Support of Economic Growth
Henry Clay’s American System
Re-charter of the BUS
Federally funded “internal improvements”
Higher “protective” tariff
Development of the corporation– “Common Wealth” laws
Limited liability
Eminent domain
New technology helped fuel this market revolution

8. New Technology Cotton Gin Interchangeable parts Sewing machines
Mechanical reaper
Steel plow
Steamboat

9. Labor and the National Economy
“Laissez Faire” regulation of labor
Plenty of cheap labor
Specialization and division of labor
Factory conditions worsened
Craft unions became more political
Concept of equality and liberty apply
Factory system leads some craft workers to become wage earners
Wage slaves

10. Labor in the Market Revolution
Workers divided into two groups
Self-employed and wage-earning
Unions had been deemed illegal (1806)
charged with criminal conspiracy
Still some skilled laborers formed unions and bargained with employers
National Trades Union—1834
Better pay and hours
Black lists
Commonwealth vs. Hunt (1842)

11. Expansion of Markets
Abundant natural resources and labor contributed to the Market Revolution
Westward expansion leads to greater regional specialization and comparative advantage
By 1860 the population center had shifted west
Improved transportation supports the market revolution
Opens new markets

12. Transportation Developments
Improved transportation systems became important—get goods to market
States chartered corporations to develop infrastructure
System of roads develops—improve inland trade
1790s—Lancaster turnpike
1818—National road
State vs. Federal funding
National road (1818) and government funded highways were slow and expensive

13. Transportation Developments
Water travel is more efficient
Land along rivers is more valuable
Farmers built barges for transportation
Steamboats replace barges
more cost effective
Erie Canal—1825
Railroads begin in 1830 and take over

14. Immigration Extensive following Napoleonic Wars
Northern and Western Europe
America offered land and jobs
Early arrivals sent optimistic reports
Nativism becomes a problem
Know Nothing Party

15. Irish and Germans Irish—came in the largest numbers—1840 Motives
Settled in Eastern cities
Employed as manual labor
Irish voter groups
Catholic church and discrimination
Germans
Motives
Economic conditions
Failure of liberal reform
Cultural preservation through group settlement

16. Social Changes in the Early 19th Century
Class structure became more pronounced Growth of the business elite Middle class Self-made man Urban poor Journeymen, Artisans lose status

17. Benevolent Empire Work for social reform Target social ills—temperance
Institutionalize charity
Upper-class women supported this activity
Encouraged well-disciplined lives
Sylvester Graham

18. Second Great Awakening and Reform
Accelerated by Charles Finney
Former Lawyer
Started full time revivals
Anyone can achieve salvation
People had free will
Bred reform movements
American Temperance Society