1. Chapter 12 Mongol Domination in China (1271- 1368)

2. How it Began…… The Mongols first dominated in the
1230’s. (Bulliet pg. 309)
The fist ruler of the Mongols was called the Great Khan Ogodei. (Bulliet pg.309)
At first he planned on making North China into a pasture but then changed his mind. (Bulliet pg.309)
He instead put in practice a tax-farming system that made the people suffer at the beginning. (Bulliet pg.309)
Later on under Khubilai in 1271 there would be many benefits. (Bulliet pg.309)
Before the Mongols China was divided into three separate states. (Bulliet pg.310)

3. Khaubilai The Yuan Empire lasted from 1279-1368. (Bulliet pg.310)
Khubilai Khan, was one of the most famous and beneficial leaders to early China. (Bulliet pg. 309)
He made his eldest son have confucianists be involved in his education. (Bulliet pg. 310)
Buddhist and Daoist leaders made Khubilai change their religion. (Bulliet pg.310)
Lamas – Buddhist priests’ teaching from the Tibet. (Bulliet pg.310)
The idea of military universal control became very popular. (Bulliet pg.310)

4. Beijing and Dadu
Beijing was the Yuan capital and center of cultural and economic life. (Bulliet pg.310)
Beijing once served as a caravan route .
Many people thought it to be very Chinese in its character. (Bulliet pg.310)
Dadu was also called the city of the Khan, and was Khubilai’s capital. (Bulliet pg. 310)
His engineers made wider streets among other improvements. (Bulliet pg.310)

5. Social Standing
There where three states before the Mongols and when they unified them there became a mix of cultures, languages, and cultures. (Bulliet pg.310)
By LAW Mongols were the highest rankers.
Then came the Central Asians. (Bulliet pg.310)
Middle Easterners came after. (Bulliet pg.310)
Later was northern Chinese. (Bulliet pg. 310)
Lastly were the southern Chinese. (Bulliet pg.310)
The highest rankers where the empires warriors, then were census takers and tax collectors. (Bulliet pg. 310)
Confucians had very little power. (Bulliet pg.310)

6. Resources, Agriculture, and Economy
Many people would spend a lot of money on educating their sons but now the needed to fond new ways of making money. (Bulliet pg.311)
Many families turned to commerce. (Bulliet pg.311)
Corporation- investor groups that acted as single commercial unit and shared the risk of business. (Bulliet pg. 311)
The corporations handled economic activities, like lending money. (Bulliet pg.311)
Then many people started to buy shares in these corporations. (Bulliet pg. 311)

7. Resources, Agriculture, and Economy (CONT.)
The Mongol aristocracy was to high to satisfy and would have a very negative effect on lower classes. (Bulliet pg.311)
Later the imperial government decided to make paper money. (Bulliet pg. 311)
Gentry families were moving from their original home in the countryside to engage in commerce. (Bulliet pg.311)
90% of the population lived in the countryside. (Bulliet pg.311)
Many villages cultivated berries and cotton using inventions they had made themselves. (Bulliet pg.311)

8. Cultural and Scientific Exchanges
Chinese painters taught Iranian artists new ways to paint things. (Bulliet pg.311)
Muslims oversaw many of Khubilai’s armies and their tactics. (Bulliet pg. 312)
Khubilai brought Iranians to Beijing to make an observatory and institute. (Bulliet pg.312)
Muslim doctors and Persian medical texts were well known in China during this time. (Bulliet pg.312)
Seeds and formulas from the middle East stimulated medical practice. (Bulliet pg.312)

9. Fall of the Yuan Empire
The Mongol princes started to have a power contest in the 1340’s. (Bulliet pg.312)
Zhu Yuanzhang made a campaign that destroyed the Yuan Army and got China under his control. (Bulliet pg.312)
Many moved out of their territories while other Mongols stayed in Mongolia. (Bulliet pg.312)
Then they would welcome refugees from the Yuan collapse. (Bulliet pg.312)
Mongols later gained control of inner Asia. (Bulliet pg.312)
The Mongols still were a threat on the northern frontier. (Bulliet pg.312)

10. Questions
Who was the one that was a Mongol leader and was very beneficial since he helped with the trading system?
A. Zhu Yuanzhang
B. Khubilai Khan
C. Huang Dao Po
D. Khan Ogodei
E. Genghis Khan

11. 2. Which were the highest ranking officials by law, that were the empire’s warriors? A. Central Asians B. Middle Easterners C. northern Chinese D. Mongols E. Southern Chinese

12. 3. What social class had a very negative effect on the others?
A. Poor class B. middle class C. aristocrats D. royalty E. warriors

13. Answers B. D. C.

14. Bibliography Books: Websites:
1. Bulliet, Richard, Charles Hartford, copyright 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company
Websites:
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