1. Paraphrasing and Summarizing

2. I want to write about the history of the White House
I want to write about the history of the White House. This is how I will organize my information:
A. The importance and uses of the White House in the past and today
B. The history of the White House or how it came to be
C. What I think will be in the future for the White House

3. I found some information, but where will this information fit in my report?
“In March 1791, Pres. George Washington personally selected some land on the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland for the site of the nation’s new capital. A year later, as plans for the District of Columbia took shape, Washington announced a national competition to design a house for the president. It would be one of the most important buildings constructed in the District of Columbia before the government moved there in 1800.
Washington organized the contest at the suggestion of his secretary of state, Thomas Jefferson, who was an accomplished amateur architect. Jefferson himself submitted a design anonymously, but it wasn’t the one chosen. Instead, the Board of Federal Commissioners selected the design submitted by James Hoban. Hoban’s winning design resembled an English country house. (The other entries were mostly enlarged courthouses or awkward mansions.)
Washington’s interest in the house was so great that after Hoban’s victory was announced on July 17, 1792, the president began meeting regularly with him to discuss and revise the plans. Although Washington and Hoban continued to make changes until late 1793, work on the house moved quickly.”
Rubel, David. Encylcopedia of the Presidents and their times. New York: Scholastic, 1994.

4. Will this support paragraph
A. The importance and uses of the White House in the past and today?
B. The history of the White House or how it came to be?
C. What I think will be in the future for the White House?
YOU ARE CORRECT! The answer is B.

5. But How will I use this information?
I know!!!! I will copy word for word. The teacher will think I am really smart using big words. Let’s see….I will copy this about Washington choosing a site.
In March 1791, Pres. George Washington personally selected some land on the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland for the site of the nation’s new capital.

6. WRONG!!!!!!!
This is called plagiarism. It is a very bad thing to do. You could get into big trouble for doing this.
So what will you do?????
One thing is to paraphrase. Paraphrasing is using a point that you found in research and putting it into your own words.

7. Paraphrasing does not mean you can replace certain words and use the rest.
From the source:
“In March 1791, Pres. George Washington personally selected some land on the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland for the site of the nation’s new capital.”
What NOT to do:
In March 1791, Pres. George Washington chose some land on the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland for the place of the nation’s new capital.
Paraphrased:
President George Washington chose the site for the White House in 1791.

8. But, if I paraphrase every single sentence, my essay will be way too long!
Then……….. Summarize!

9. “In March 1791, Pres. George Washington personally selected some land on the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland for the site of the nation’s new capital. A year later, as plans for the District of Columbia took shape, Washington announced a national competition to design a house for the president. It would be one of the most important buildings constructed in the District of Columbia before the government moved there in 1800.
Washington organized the contest at the suggestion of his secretary of state, Thomas Jefferson, who was an accomplished amateur architect. Jefferson himself submitted a design anonymously, but it wasn’t the one chosen. Instead, the Board of Federal Commissioners selected the design submitted by James Hoban. Hoban’s winning design resembled an English country house. (The other entries were mostly enlarged courthouses or awkward mansions.)
Washington’s interest in the house was so great that after Hoban’s victory was announced on July 17, 1792, the president began meeting regularly with him to discuss and revise the plans. Although Washington and Hoban continued to make changes until late 1793, work on the house moved Quickly.”
Rubel, David. Encylcopedia of the Presidents and their times. New York: Scholastic, 1994.

10. To summarize all three paragraphs, take the main points of each and restate in your own words.
President George Washington chose the site for the White House in A year later, Washington announced a contest to design the building. His Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, was an architect and secretly submitted his plans, but his plans were not chosen. James Hoban won the contest. He drew a house that looked like an English Country Home; the others looked like courthouses. Washington worked closely with Hoban, and work on the building started quickly.
Rubel, David. Encylcopedia of the Presidents and their times. New York: Scholastic, 1994.

11. Now it is your turn! Paraphrase the following sentences:
Ships hauled sandstone for the walls up the Potomac River from the Aquia Creek quarry, which also supplied stone for the new U.S. Capitol. Construction on the President’s house began each year in mid-April and continued until mid-October, when the weather became too cold for the mortar (used between the stones) to set properly.

12. Did it look something like this?
Sandstone from the Aquia Creek quarry was used for the walls of the White House. This sandstone was shipped up the Potomac River. Construction on the house would begin in April and stop in October because the cold weather would not allow the mortar to set.

13. Now summarize the following:
Ships hauled sandstone for the walls up the Potomac River from the Aquia Creek quarry, which also supplied stone for the new U.S. Capitol. Construction on the President’s house began each year in mid-April and continued until mid-October, when the weather became too cold for the mortar (used between the stones) to set properly.
Ironically, the house’s greatest patron, George Washington, was the only president never to live in it. When Washington left office in March 1797, the building was still just a stone shell. Another full year passed before the exterior walls received their first coat of whitewash.
The recipe for this famous paint included salt, ground rice, glue, and lime. Almost immediately, peopled began calling the building the “White House,” but the nickname didn’t appear in print until November 1810, and it wasn’t until 1901 that Pres. Theodore Roosevelt officially changed its name from the Executive Mansion to the White House.
Rubel, David. Encylcopedia of the Presidents and their times. New York: Scholastic, 1994.

14. Did your summary look something like this?
Sandstone from a nearby quarry was used for the construction of the walls of the White House. Construction stopped during the cold months because the mortar would not set in this type of weather. When Washington left office in 1797, The building was still in construction. He was the only president who did not live in the White House. Because of the special paint used to paint the building ( a mixture of salt, rice, glue and lime), people began to call it the “white house”. In 1901,Roosevelt officially changed the name from the Executive Mansion to the White House.

15. So now you know how to paraphrase and summarize!