1. Young, thin, & on the m o v e : HETG Observations of SNRs
Dan Dewey
MIT Kavli Institute
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

2. Overview SNR Science SNRs with Gratings Three SNR-HETG examples:
E0102, Cas A, SN1987A
For the Future
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

3. SNR Science Progenitor and CSM SN Explosion - Core collapse & Type Ia
Mechanism, asymmetry, jets, mixing
Compact object formation
Nucleosynthesis
GRB connection
ISM enrichment: dust, hot plasma, CRs
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

4. SNRs and AGN For fun… Size - similar: Mass: LX-ray [log10(erg/s)]
few parsecs scale
Mass:
SNR: 10's Msolar
torus: ~ 105 Msolar
LX-ray [log10(erg/s)]
SNR ~ 37.5, AGN ~ 42.1
Use NGC 3783 as AGN example, at ~ 40 Mpc.
From HotGas Lx [0.5-2,2-10] = 1.6 and 6.7 x 10^-11 erg/cm^2/s
---> x 10^42 erg/s using pc = 3.1x10^18 cm
Chandra SNR page gives
E0102 total (0.3-10) ~ 2.5 x 10^37 erg/s; Cas A total Lx (0.3-10) ~ 2.8 x 10^37 erg/s
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

5. SNR cartoon Sedov self- similar solution Reality adds:
v ~ const * r
SNR cartoon
Reverse Shock
Sedov self- similar solution
Reality adds:
R-T/mixing at CD
Non-uniform CSM
Asymmetric ejecta
Particle acceleration
Contact Discontinuity
Unshocked ejecta (aka "debris")
shocked ejecta
CSM, amb
shocked CSM
Forward Shock
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

6. SNR Plasma Collision-less shocks: FS, RS, reflected
V forward shock: 3k - 40k km/s
~ rRS/age SN1987A=7800; CasA=4800; E0102=2800 [km/s]
NEI evolution, cooling
Electron & ion heating at shocks
SN1987A: 7800 km/s d=50 kpc, t=20 years, angle from center = 0.66" (use 0.8*6.2x10^17 cm = 0.8*r_ER)
Cas A: 4800 km/s d=3.4 kpc, t=337 years, angle from center = 100"
E0102: km/s d=60 kpc, t=1000 years, angle from center = 10"
N132D: km/s d=50 kpc, t=3000 years, angle from center = 30"
isis> 1.e-5 * (60e3) *3.1e18 * (DTOR*10.0/3600.0) / (1000.0*365.25*24.*3600.);
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

7. SNR Plasma, cont. Shock-cloud interactions
Non-uniform CSM
Thermal conduction effects
Particle acceleration & Cosmic rays
Efficiency and effect on hydrodynamics
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

8. SNR Plasma Emission Emission across wide -range Thermal Non-thermal
shocked ejecta; shocked CSM; dust
Non-thermal
Synchrotron, Te max, magnetic fields
non-thermal brems., inverse Compton
Photoionized (unshocked, precursor)
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

9. SNRs with Gratings High(er) spectral resolution than CCDs
Line separation
From nearby lines: He-like triplets
From continuum: low-E lines: O VIII, Fe-L, Ne
Doppler velocities can be measured
Extended and/or multiple source
More complex analysis
Focus on line emission
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

10. SNRs observed w/HETG ne * |vbulk | * SNR Age (yr) [Date] SN 1987A cc
20 [1987]
~ 800
E0102
~ 1000
~ 1
~ 2000
N132D ~
Cas A
~ [~1670]
~ 100
~ 4000
N103B Ia
~ 860
~ [~1600]
( Crab )
953 [1054]
* Values are for the bright X-ray emitting plasma.
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

11. SNRs w/HETG: images SN1987A E0102 N132D Cas A N103B 0509-67.5 Crab
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

12. Dispersed SNRs Ne X Fe XVII O VIII O VII-res 1 Å 26 Å '87A E0102
N132D-NE
N132D-SW
Cas A
Si XIII
N103B
0509
Crab
Not as useful for continuum
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

13. E0102 w/HETG MEG -1 MEG +1 Data Model
Distortions between the + and - orders of the Ne lines are qualitatively reproduced with a cylinderical geometry for the ring emission.
Dewey 2002; Flanagan et al
Model geometry
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

14. Cas A w/HETG Doppler velocities
3D spatial info
Lazendic et al. 2006
Combine with optical, IR, and radio data. DeLaney 2007
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

15. Cas A w/HETG, cont. Line ratios NEI parameters  params / t :  kT
Change in plasma parameters over many years baseline can constrain models.  t
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

16. SN 1987A w/HETG
The blast wave is hitting a dense equatorial ring, tilted 45 degrees to our line of sight
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

17. D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

18. SN 1987A w/HETG, cont.
A 3D model is used to fit the HETG line shapes; a key free parameter is Vring .
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

19. SN 1987A w/HETG, cont. Vring varies with .
Seen in LETG/ACIS data (McCray PI.)
Zhekov et al. 2005
Range of shock (and hence bulk) velocities.
Higher ionization with faster velocities.
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

20. For the future Can get information from HETG-SNR observations, so …
Further HETG observations…
O-rich SNR
Future X-ray instruments for SNR
Long slit spectrometer
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

21. Oxygen-rich SNRs In SMC/LMC: SN 1987A (LMC) ?O-rich? N132D (LMC)
SNR (LMC)
E (SMC)
SNR (SMC)
IKT6, SNR (SMC)
Galactic & extra-Galactic:
Cas A
Pup A G
SNR in NGC 4449
SN 1957D in M83
Underline = Grating observed
Bold = Deep ACIS data taken
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

22. Multi- & High Resolution
Long-slit instruments from IR to … X-ray ?
Radio
VLA IR
Spitzer-IRS
NIR, Opt.
Ground-based
UV, EUV
HST-STIS, FUSE
X-ray
HETG,LETG,RGS
-ray - TeV
GLAST, H.E.S.S.
Primary
Slit aperture
Willingale 2005
SPIE Vol. 5900
2D detector
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy

23. Thanks to Claude Canizares and MKI collegues
Hydra project:
Dick McCray and '87A collaborators
See the program of the Aspen '87A workshop:
Kelly Korreck and many SNR enthusiasts
See the Endpoints and Interactions workshop:
D. Dewey 11-July-07
X-ray Spectroscopy