1. Anatomical region between the knee and the foot
The Leg
Anatomical region between the knee and the foot

2. Bones of the Leg Tibia Fibula Interosseous membrane Shin bone
Supports most of the weight of the body
Articulates with the condyles of the femur superiorly and the talus inferiorly
Fibula
Mainly muscle attachment
Ankle stability
Interosseous membrane
Strong, angulated connective tissue that connects the shafts of the tibia and the fibula

4. Structures related to the tibia
Medial and lateral condyles
Medial and lateral tibial plateaus
Intercondylar eminence
Facet on inferior lateral condyle for head of fibula

5. Tibial tuberosity
Distal tibia – facets for fibula and talus
Medial malleolus

6. More tibia Body of tibia – triangular in cross section
Medial surface
Lateral surface
Posterior surface
Borders of tibia
Lateral border – attachment of interosseous membrane
Soleal line

7. Fibula Lies posterolateral to the tibia Function
Stability of ankle by holding the talus in its joint with the lateral malleolus
Provide attachment sites for muscles
Some support by enabling the tibia to withstand twisting forces

8. Structures on fibula Neck of fibula Interosseous border of fibula
Head of the fibula
Facet for articulation with inferior lateral tibial condyle
Lateral malleolus of fibula
Facets on medial surface for tibia and talus
Malleolar fossa – posteroinferior to talar facet
Attachment for posterior talofibular ligament

9. Surface anatomy of leg Anterior border (crest) of tibia
Tibial tuberosity
5 cm distal to apex of patella
Patellar ligament
Head of the fibula
Level of tibial tuberosity
Neck of the fibula
Common fibular nerve

10. Bones of the foot
Tarsal bones (7)
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges (14)

11. The Tarsal bones
Talus
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms (3)

16. Talus Has body, neck and head Rests on anterior 2/3rd of calcaneus
Articulates with calcaneus, tibia, fibula, and navicular bone
The superior talus articulates with the tibia, and bears the weight of the body
Talus articulates with the ‘shelf-like’ projection of the calcaneus, the sustentaculum tali

17. Talus On posterior surface Groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus
Medial tubercle
Lateral tubercle
Os trigonum

18. The ankle joint Joint between the talus with the tibia and fibula
The ankle joint is a hinge-type synovial joint
Note the axis of the ankle joint is not straight

19. Calcaneus Largest and strongest bone of the foot Articulates
Talus superiorly
Cuboid anteriorly

20. Structures on calcaneus
Sustentaculum tali
Medial surface (superior part)
Shelf-like structure
Helps support talus
Groove on inferior side for the tendon of flexor hallucis longus

21. Peroneal or fibular trochlea
Lateral surface – oblique ridge
Tendon of fibularis longus muscle passes inferior to the trochlea

23. Navicular bone Boat-like bone
Located between talus and 3 cuneiform bones
has facets that articulate with each of them

24. Structures on navicular bone
Navicular tuberosity
Palpated medially and inferiorly
Tendon of tibialis posterior muscle attaches here

25. Cuboid bone Most lateral in distal row of tarsus bone
Articulates with:
Calcaneus posteriorly
4th and 5th metatarsal bones anteriorly
Lateral (3rd cuneiform) and navicular bone medially

26. Tuberosity of the cuboid
Groove on lateral and inferior surfaces for tendon of fibularis longus muscle

27. Cuneiform bones 3 wedge-shaped bones Medial (1st) cuneiform - largest
Intermediate (2nd) cuneiform - smallest
Lateral (3rd) cuneiform

28. All articulate with the navicular bone and their corresponding metatarsal bone
Lateral cuneiform is the only cuneiform that articulates with the cuboid bone

29. Metatarsal bones Numbered from medial side of the foot Each bone
Base – proximally
Body or shaft
Head – distally
Bases of metatarsal bones articulate with the cuneiforms (metatarsals 1, 2 and 3) and the cuboid bone (metatarsals 4 and 5)

30. 2nd metatarsal bone Longest metatarsal
Articulates with intermediate cuneiform
Base is wedged between the medial and lateral cuneiform bones

31. 1st metatarsal bone
2 Sesamoid bones (medial and lateral) in the tendons of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle
Bear some of the body weight
Anatomical pulleys increase the moment arm of the FHbr muscle

32. 5th metatarsal Tuberosity on base of 5th metatarsal
Protrudes over the lateral margin of cuboid bone
The dorsal surface serves as the attachment site for the tendon of the peroneus brevis muscle

33. Phalanges 14 bones in each foot Great toe Other four toes
Proximal and distal phalanges
Other four toes
Proximal, middle and distal phalanges